中国与RCEP成员国贸易隐含镍资源转移及公平性研究

Research on Implicit Nickel Resource Transfer and Equity in China’s Trade with RCEP Member Countries

摘要: 镍矿石作为一种战略性矿产资源，是传统制造业和新能源产业发展的关键金属。但当前中国镍资源供需不匹配，对外依存度高，在与RCEP成员国贸易联系日益密切的背景下，研究中国与其贸易公平性尤为重要。基于此，本文利用2021年Eora数据库，使用多区域投入产出模型，定量分析中国和RCEP成员国贸易隐含镍和增加值及其公平性。研究表明：(1) 中国是RCEP范围内最大的贸易隐含镍消费国，澳大利亚和印度尼西亚是最大的隐含镍净流出国；(2) 中国同时为隐含镍和增加值最大净流出国，受到资源消耗和增加值流失的不公平；(3) 纳入全球主要经济体后，获得贸易增加值和镍资源流入双重收益的多为欧美发达国家，而RCEP欠发达国家则多遭受损失；(4) 美国在国际贸易中是增加值最大获益国，中国是第二大贸易增加值净流出国，主要流向英美等发达国家。

Abstract: As a strategic mineral resource, nickel ore is a key metal for the development of traditional manufacturing and new energy industries. However, the current mismatch between supply and demand of nickel resources in China and the high degree of external dependence make it particularly important to study the fairness of China’s trade with its RCEP member countries against the backdrop of the increasingly close trade links with them. Based on this, this paper utilizes the 2021 Eora database and uses a multi-regional input-output model to quantitatively analyze the implied nickel and value added of trade between China and RCEP member countries and its fairness. The study shows that (1) China is the largest consumer of trade-implied nickel within RCEP, and Australia and Indonesia are the largest net outflow of implied nickel; (2) China is the largest net outflow of both implied nickel and value-added, and suffers from the inequity of resource depletion and loss of value-added; (3) after the inclusion of the major economies of the world, the ones who gained the double benefits of trade value-added and nickel resource inflow are mostly the European and American developed countries, while RCEP underdeveloped countries suffer losses; (4) the United States is the largest beneficiary of value added in international trade, and China is the second largest net outflow of trade value added, mainly to developed countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States.