初中女生注意及多动行为自评与父母他评的差异

Differences between Self-Reported and Parent-Rated Attention and Hyperactive Behaviors in Middle School Girls

摘要: 目的：女性ADHD患者常有漏诊、误诊及延迟诊断情况。本研究将学生自评纳入其中，探讨初中生注意/多动量表自评与父母他评的一致性及差异性，以期为女性ADHD的诊断提供依据。方法：872名初中生及父母分别完成注意/多动行为评定量表。结果：注意力方面，女生自评分数与父母他评分数均呈中等一致性(ICC = 0.43, P < 0.001)，但女生自评分数显著高于父母他评分数(P < 0.001)；男生自评分数与父母他评分数呈一般一致性(ICC = 0.24, P < 0.001)，且男生自评分数显著低于父母他评分数(P < 0.001)；同时，女生自评分数显著高于男生自评分数(P < 0.001)。多动行为方面，女生自评分数与父母他评分数均呈中等一致性(ICC = 0.43, P < 0.001)，二者差异无显著统计学意义；男生自评分数与父母他评分数呈一般一致性(ICC = 0.34, P < 0.001)，且男生自评分数显著低于父母他评分数(P = 0.001)；此外，女生自评分数显著低于男生自评分数(P = 0.04)。结论：青少年注意力及多动行为自评与父母他评分数存在差异，且存在性别差异。父母可能低估了女生的注意力问题，男生可能低估了自己的多动/冲动症状。

Abstract: Objective: Female patients with ADHD are often underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and diagnosed late. This study included student self-assessment to explore the consistency and differences between the self- and parent-rated attention/hyperactivity scales among junior high school students, aiming to provide evidence for the diagnosis of female ADHD. Methods: A total of 872 junior high school students and their parents respectively completed the attention/hyperactivity behavior rating scale. Results: In terms of attention, girls’ self- and parent-rated scores had moderate consistency (ICC = 0.43, P < 0.001), but girls’ self-rated scores were significantly higher than parent-rated ones (P < 0.001). For boys, their self- and parent-rated scores showed general consistency (ICC = 0.24, P < 0.001), with boys’ self-rated scores significantly lower than parent-rated ones (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, girls’ self-rated scores were significantly higher than boys’ self-rated scores (P < 0.001). Regarding hyperactivity, girls’ self- and parent-rated scores also had moderate consistency (ICC = 0.43, P < 0.001), with no significant difference between them. For boys, their self- and parent-rated scores showed general consistency (ICC = 0.34, P < 0.001), and boys’ self-rated scores were significantly lower than parent-rated ones (P = 0.001). Besides, girls’ self-rated scores were significantly lower than boys’ self-rated scores (P = 0.04). Conclusion: There are differences between the self- and parent-rated scores of adolescents in terms of attention and hyperactivity, and there are gender differences. Parents may underestimate girls’ attention problems, and boys may underestimate their own hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.