输尿管狭窄的治疗现状
Current Status of the Treatment of Ureteral Stricture
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.1541269, PDF,   
作者: 雷弘嵩, 李志鹏*：昆明医科大学第二附属医院泌尿外科，云南 昆明
关键词: 输尿管狭窄；病理生理；分型；治疗；Ureteral Stricture； Pathophysiology； Classification； Treatment
摘要: 输尿管狭窄是泌尿系统常见疾病，具有多种病因及复杂病理生理机制。这是一类进展性疾病，持续进展可引发肾积水、肾实质萎缩及不可逆性肾功能损害。当前治疗策略呈现分层化趋势，短段狭窄优先选择腔内微创治疗(球囊扩张/激光内切开)，复杂病例需个体化外科重建(成形术/替代修复)，新型生物材料支架(可降解/药物洗脱)为未来发展提供新方向。本文系统梳理输尿管狭窄的病理机制与分型特征，简要阐述诊断策略的技术要点，并重点探讨各治疗方案的优势及局限性，旨在为个体化治疗体系的构建提供理论依据。
Abstract: Ureteral stricture, a prevalent urological disorder, is characterized by diverse etiologies and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. As a progressive disease, it may lead to hydronephrosis, renal parenchymal atrophy, and irreversible renal impairment if left untreated. Current therapeutic strategies follow a stratified approach: short-segment strictures (<2 cm) are preferentially managed with endoscopic minimally invasive interventions (balloon dilation/laser endoureterotomy), while complex cases require individualized surgical reconstruction (reconstructive procedures/tissue substitution). Emerging biomaterial stents (biodegradable/drug-eluting) represent a promising frontier for future advancements. This article systematically reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms and classification systems of ureteral strictures, outlines the technical nuances of diagnostic strategies, and critically evaluates the advantages and limitations of various therapeutic regimens, aiming to provide an evidence-based framework for constructing individualized therapeutic frameworks.
文章引用：雷弘嵩, 李志鹏. 输尿管狭窄的治疗现状[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(4): 3033-3041. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.1541269

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