行政处罚决定公开中个人信息保护研究

Research on the Protection of Personal Information in the Public Disclosure of Administrative Penalty Decisions

摘要: 《中华人民共和国行政处罚法(2021年修订)》明确要求行政机关应当向社会公众公开部分行政处罚决定，该规定有利于促进法治政府建设，增强政府威信。但是行政处罚决定中包含大量个人信息，一旦公开必然会产生个人信息被泄露的风险。通过对行政处罚决定公开中个人信息保护现状进行分析可以发现，行政处罚决定公开中个人信息保护存在公开标准不明确、公开内容不统一以及救济不足的问题。因而，我们需要通过界定“具有一定社会影响”，明确公开标准；通过对个人信息进行类型化保护，统一公开内容；通过保障公民更正和删除权，充分实现以及激活行政公益诉讼，健全个人信息保护的救济机制。

Abstract: The “Administrative Penalty Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revised in 2021)” explicitly mandates that administrative organs disclose certain administrative penalty decisions to the public. This regulation is instrumental in advancing the construction of a law-based government and enhancing governmental credibility. However, administrative penalty decisions often contain substantial amounts of personal information, which, if disclosed, pose significant risks of personal information leakage. An analysis of the current state of personal information protection during the disclosure of administrative penalty decisions reveals several issues: ambiguous disclosure standards, inconsistent disclosure content, and inadequate relief mechanisms for protecting personal information. Therefore, it is necessary to define what constitutes “having a certain social impact” to clarify disclosure criteria, implement categorized protection measures for personal information to standardize disclosure content and enhance the relief mechanism by ensuring full realization of citizens’ rights to correction and deletion, as well as activating administrative public interest litigation.