农村留守儿童教育问题研究综述

A Review of Research on Educational Issues of Rural Left-Behind Children

摘要: 基于国家统计局与教育部数据显示我国2023年城镇化率提升至66.16%，农村劳动力大规模转移催生了1550.56万农村留守儿童的现实困境。本文系统分析了农村留守儿童教育问题的三重核心矛盾：空间资源配置失衡、情绪障碍高发性、学业表现累积劣势。研究揭示，隔代教养与单亲教养模式下，农村留守儿童面临情感疏离、社会化受阻与教育功能弱化等挑战，祖辈“重养轻教”与父职缺位进一步加剧心理健康危机。未来需整合社会资源促进城乡教育均衡，以破解农村留守儿童教育困境，助力乡村振兴。

Abstract: Data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Education reveal that China’s urbanization rate reached 66.16% in 2023, with large-scale rural labor migration resulting in 15.5056 million left-behind children facing educational and developmental challenges. This paper systematically analyzes three core contradictions in the education of rural left-behind children: spatial resource allocation imbalance, high prevalence of emotional disorders, and cumulative disadvantages in academic performance. The study highlights that under intergenerational and single-parent caregiving models, these children encounter emotional alienation, impaired socialization, and weakened educational functions. Grandparents’ emphasis on physical care over educational guidance, coupled with paternal absence, further exacerbates mental health risks. Future efforts should integrate social resources to promote balanced urban-rural educational development, thereby addressing the educational plight of rural left-behind children and contributing to rural revitalization.