社区医养设施空间格局及可达性研究——以北京市中心城区为例

Study on the Spatial Pattern and Accessibility of Community Health Care Facilities—Taking the Central Urban Area of Beijing as an Example

摘要: 探索社区医养资源的空间布局与可达性，对于健全基本养老服务体系具有重要的理论与实践意义。本研究基于北京市中心城区社区卫生服务中心(站)及社区养老驿站的空间点数据，运用平均最近邻分析、多距离空间聚类分析、协同区位商、高斯两步移动搜索法等定量方法，从集聚性、邻近性、可达性三个维度，系统分析了北京市中心城区社区医养资源与人口分布的空间关联特征。研究结果表明：从空间集聚性来看，社区医养资源呈现出显著的空间集聚特征，且社区养老驿站的集聚程度高于社区卫生服务中心(站)；从空间邻近性来看，社区医养资源在空间上均靠近人口集中点，且社区卫生服务中心(站)的邻近性高于社区养老驿站；从可达性来看，社区卫生服务中心(站)与社区养老驿站均未形成15分钟和30分钟生活圈的全覆盖，且呈现出“中心强–外围弱”的空间配置特征。由此可见，北京市中心城区社区医养资源在供给与需求的空间配置上存在明显的不平衡问题。本研究明确了社区医养资源空间配置的不平衡性及可达性差异，为社区医养资源的布局优化提供了理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: Exploring the spatial layout and accessibility of community medical care resources has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the basic pension service system. Based on the spatial point data of community health service centers (stations) and community endowment stations in the central urban area of Beijing, this study systematically analyzes the spatial correlation characteristics of community medical care resources and population distribution in the central urban area of Beijing from the three dimensions of agglomeration, proximity and accessibility by using quantitative methods such as average nearest neighbor analysis, multi-distance spatial clustering analysis, collaborative location quotient and Gaussian two-step mobile search method. The results show that from the perspective of spatial agglomeration, community medical resources show significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the degree of agglomeration of community pension stations is higher than that of community health service centers (stations); from the perspective of spatial proximity, community medical resources are spatially close to population concentration points, and the proximity of community health service centers (stations) is higher than that of community pension stations; from the perspective of accessibility, neither the community health service centers (stations) nor the community pension station has formed a full coverage of the 15-minute and 30-minute life circle, and presents the spatial configuration characteristics of “strong center-weak periphery”. It can be seen that there is an obvious imbalance in the spatial allocation of supply and demand of community medical resources in the central urban area of Beijing. This study clarifies the imbalance and accessibility differences in the spatial allocation of community medical care resources, and provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the layout optimization of community medical care resources.