渔业捕捞方式对淮南淮西湖生态系统营养结构和功能的影响

Impacts of Fishery Fishing Methods on the Ecosystem Trophic Structure and Function of Huaxi Lake in Huainan

摘要: 采煤塌陷湖泊的渔业生产是矿区失地农民经济收入的主要来源之一，不同的渔业活动模式可能对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构和功能存在重要影响。本研究选取淮南塌陷湖泊淮西湖(HXH)作为研究对象，在水生态调查的基础上构建Ecopath模型分析渔业捕捞方式对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构与功能的影响。结果表明：HXH生态系统食物网组成较为复杂，能量传递效率为11.24%，塌陷湖泊大量放养鲢鳙对肉食性生物的抑制作用较大，但其生态系统总流量有所提高；HXH鲢鳙的大量放养和集中捕捞导致其生态系统的营养级、营养跨度、高营养级生物的TST降低，其生态系统发育成熟度和稳定度相比同级生态系统较低。因此，可以通过合理的渔业放养和捕捞方式促进塌陷生态系统的健康发育。

Abstract: Fishery production in coal mining subsidence lakes is one of the main sources of economic income for land-loss farmers in mining areas, and different fishery activity modes may have important impacts on the ecosystem structure and function of subsidence lakes. In this study, Huaxi Lake (HXH), a collapsed lake in Huainan, was selected as the research object, and an Ecopath model was constructed on the basis of the water ecology survey to analyze the influence of fishery fishing mode on the ecosystem structure and function of the collapsed lake. The results showed that: the food web composition of the HXH ecosystem was more complex, and the energy transfer efficiency was 11.24%; the mass stocking of bighead carp in the collapsed lake had a greater inhibitory effect on the carnivorous organisms, but its total ecosystem flux was improved; the mass stocking of bighead carp in the HXH and the centralized fishing led to the reduction of the trophic level, trophic span, and the TST of the organisms of high trophic level in the ecosystem; and the maturity of the ecosystem and its stability were lower compared with its ecosystem counterparts. Stability were lower compared to the ecosystems of the same level. Therefore, the healthy development of collapsed ecosystems can be promoted through rational fishery stocking and fishing methods.