自我参照处理中信念多样化作用的神经相关性：一项ALE元分析

Neural Correlates for the Diverse Roles of Beliefs in Self-Referential Processing: An ALE Meta-Analysis

摘要: 关于自我参照处理中信念的作用，已有两种信念类型的提出：以自我为中心的信念和基于他人视角的信念。然而，这两种信念背后的神经机制仍不明确。为了区分与这两类信念相关的脑部过程，本研究采用ALE元分析方法，分析了自我特质判断任务与虚假信念任务的fMRI研究结果。结果表明，与虚假信念任务相比，在自我特质判断任务中，前扣带回(ACC)的活动显著增强。相反，左侧颞顶联合区(lTPJ)和背内侧前额叶皮层(dmPFC)被认为是自我特质判断任务与虚假信念任务共同激活的区域。基于这些结果，我们认为ACC可能在利用自我中心信念进行特质自我判断时发挥作用，即当自我知识中存在特质与稳定行为模式之间的关联时；而左侧TPJ和dmPFC可能在利用基于他人视角的信念进行自我特质判断时发挥作用，当自我中心信念不足以支持自我判断时，个体需要采纳他人视角进行判断。

Abstract: Two types of beliefs in self-referential processing have been proposed: self-centred beliefs and perspective-taking-based beliefs. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these two types of beliefs remain unclear. In order to distinguish the cerebral processes associated with these beliefs, an ALE meta-analysis was conducted by analysing the fMRI findings from self-judgment of trait tasks and false-belief tasks. The results demonstrated that the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) exhibited heightened activity during self-judgment of trait tasks in comparison to false-belief tasks. Conversely, the left temporal-parietal junction (lTPJ) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) were identified as common regions shared by both self-judgment of trait tasks and false-belief tasks. Based on these results, we thought that the ACC might be involved in the self-judgment of traits by using self-centered beliefs when there are relationships between traits and stable behavioral patterns in the self-knowledge; the left TPJ and the dmPFC might be involved in the self-judgment of traits by using perspective-taking-based beliefs, where individuals should make self-judgment by taking others’ perspectives when the self-centered beliefs do not sufficiently support the self-judgment.