论清代龙溪县社会救济中的官绅民合作——以龙溪县义葬为例

On the Cooperation between Officials, Gentlemen and Citizens in the Social Relief of Longxi County in the Qing Dynasty—A Case Study of Righteous Burial in Longxi

摘要: 清代是慈善组织发展的成熟时期，在政府的大力号召下，形成了一个较为系统复杂的慈善救济体系。慈善体系中的义葬机构经历演变，自宋至清中叶，龙溪县的义葬机构的经营主体经历了以官方为主、官导民辅、地方力量主导三个阶段的变化。在这一过程中，理学逐渐下移使龙溪县的地方人士受到儒家思想的熏陶并在一定程度上推动了地方民风的变化。同时，中央政府对义葬善举的政策的务实化以及地方精英力量的发展等多重因素促使龙溪县义葬的经营主体逐渐民间化。官方与社会力量的交相辉映对维护社会稳定起到了重要作用。

Abstract: The Qing Dynasty was the mature period of the development of charitable organizations. Under the vigorous call of the government, a relatively systematic and complex charitable relief system was formed. The righteous burial institutions in the charity system have undergone evolution. From the Song Dynasty to the middle Qing Dynasty, the business body of the righteous burial institutions in Longxi County has undergone three stages: the official, the official and the people, and the local forces. In this process, the downward movement of Neo-Confucianism gradually made the local people in Longxi County be influenced by Confucianism and promoted the change of local folk customs to a certain extent. At the same time, the central government’s pragmatic policy on the charity of righteous burial and the development of local elites promote the gradual folk management subject of righteous burial in Longxi County. The interaction between the official and the social forces plays an important role in maintaining social stability.