基本公共服务均等化对家庭消费升级的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Equalization of Basic Public Services on Household Consumption Upgrading

摘要: 基本公共服务均等化作为一种解决收入分配不公、实现共同富裕的重要方式，正深刻改变着家庭的消费行为。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS) 2014~2020年问卷数据以及样本所在地区基本公共服务均等化指数，通过双向固定效应模型，研究基本公共服务均等化对家庭消费升级的影响效应。研究发现，城乡之间基本公共服务均等化水平的提高显著刺激了家庭消费水平和结构的升级。同时，通过机制检验可知，群体内部收入分配不平等在这一影响过程中起到中介作用。此外，通过对样本分组进行异质性分析，发现基本公共服务均等化对农村、中西部以及中低收入家庭消费升级的促进效果更为显著。基于以上分析，本文结果对未来我国如何扩大内需，缩小城乡差距以及实现高质量发展具有重要参考价值。

Abstract: The equalization of basic public services, as an important way to solve the inequality of income distribution and realize common wealth, is profoundly changing the consumption behavior of households. Based on the questionnaire data of the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020 and the index of equalization of basic public services in the region where the sample is located, this paper investigates the impact effect of equalization of basic public services on household consumption upgrading through a bidirectional fixed-effects model. It is found that the increase in the level of basic public service equalization between urban and rural areas significantly stimulates the upgrading of the level and structure of household consumption. Meanwhile, the mechanism test shows that the inequality of income distribution within groups plays a mediating role in this influence process. In addition, through the heterogeneity analysis of the sample subgroups, it is found that the equalization of basic public services has a more significant effect on the promotion of consumption upgrading of rural, central and western, as well as low- and middle-income households. Based on the above analysis, it is of great reference value for China to expand domestic demand, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and realize high-quality development in the future.