DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化在脑出血发病过程的研究进展

Progress of DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Hemorrhage

摘要: 脑出血是由于血管破裂引起脑实质出血的一类脑卒中类型，该疾病具有亚州人群高发、发病突然以及较高的致死率、致残率的特点。尽管过去几十年来报道了许多涉及脑出血的信号通路，但由于脑出血的发病机制复杂使得临床上仍缺乏有效的治疗手段。目前，针对脑出血分子机制的前沿进展现已拓展到表观基因组学水平。越来越多的研究表明，DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化在脑出血的病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用，上述两种表观遗传修饰类型可通过参与血管细胞响应环境应激而改变表型和功能。本文主要探讨DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化改变与脑出血发病过程之间的联系，试图通过总结以往的研究进展的方式进一步明确其对脑出血的发生、发展与损伤修复的影响，从而为脑出血的临床治疗提供理论基础和一些新的思路。

Abstract: Cerebral hemorrhage is a type of stroke in which the brain parenchyma bleeds due to rupture of a blood vessel, and the disease is characterized by a high prevalence in subnational populations, sudden onset, and high rates of mortality and disability. Although many signaling pathways involved in cerebral hemorrhage have been reported in the past decades, the complexity of the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage has led to a lack of effective therapeutic tools in clinical practice. Currently, cutting-edge advances in the molecular mechanisms of cerebral hemorrhage have now expanded to the epigenomic level. More and more studies have shown that DNA methylation and histone acetylation play important roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage, and that these two types of epigenetic modifications can alter the phenotype and function of vascular cells in response to environmental stresses. In this paper, we focus on the connection between DNA methylation and histone acetylation and the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhage, and try to further clarify their effects on the occurrence, development and damage repair of cerebral hemorrhage by summarizing the progress of previous studies, so as to provide a theoretical basis and some new ideas for the clinical treatment of cerebral hemorrhage.