数学文化视角下的高考数学试题研究——以2018年~2024年高考题为例

Research on College Entrance Examination Mathematics Questions from the Perspective of Mathematical Culture—A Case Study of the 2018~2024 College Entrance Examination Questions

摘要: 《普通高中数学课程标准(2017年)》明确提出“注重数学文化的渗透”“高考试题融入数学文化”。由此统计分析2018至2024年国内所有高考数学试题，聚焦于数学文化的类型、融入方式及学生期望行为。研究结果显示，数学与生活领域的题目在高考中占据主导地位，融入方式以不可分离型为主，尤其在数学史和数学与人文艺术领域数学文化类型试题主要考查学生的理解与迁移能力，而对创新能力的考查相对较少。基于上述结论给出三个教学启示：(1) 注重数学生活化及其应用；(2) 重视数学文化育人价值；(3) 创设丰富数学文化的情境。

Abstract: The “General High School Mathematics Curriculum Standards (2017)” explicitly emphasize “the penetration of mathematical culture” and “integration of mathematical culture into college entrance examination questions”. This study statistically analyzed all mathematics examination questions from 2018 to 2024 in China, focusing on the types of mathematical culture, integration methods, and expected student behaviors. The results indicated that mathematics-in-life topics dominated the exams, and the predominant integration method was inseparable integration. Particularly in questions related to the history of mathematics and mathematics integrated with humanities and arts, the examination primarily focused on students’ understanding and transfer abilities, with less attention to innovation capability. Based on these conclusions, three teaching implications were proposed: (1) emphasizing the relevance of mathematics to real life and its applications; (2) valuing the educational significance of mathematical culture; (3) creating diverse contexts enriched with mathematical culture.