儿童临床下放电研究进展
Research Advances in Subclinical Discharges in Children
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.1551361, PDF,   
作者: 穆燕燕, 吴 鹏*：重庆医科大学附属儿童医院神经内科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/重庆市重点实验室/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室，重庆
关键词: 临床下放电；儿童；认知损害；睡眠障碍；Subclinical Discharges； Children； Cognitive Impairment； Sleep Disturbances
摘要: 临床下放电(subclinical discharges)，又称亚临床放电或临床下痫样放电(subclinical epileptiform discharges SEDs)，或发作间期癫痫样放电(Interictal Epileptiform Discharges, IED)，是指脑电图上发现尖波、棘波等癫痫样放电波但不同时出现临床痫性发作的现象，其常见于癫痫、脑瘫、脑损伤、抽动障碍、原发性神经认知障碍如注意缺陷/多动障碍、孤独症谱系障碍等患儿脑电图，也可见于约2%~4%的健康儿童。目前大部分研究认为临床下放电是认知损害的独立影响因素。本文总结了近年来的相关文献，将从认知损害、癫痫发生、睡眠、辅助检查、治疗等方面对其做一综述。
Abstract: Subclinical discharges, also known as subclinical epileptiform discharges (SEDs) or interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), refer to epileptiform waveforms such as spikes and sharp waves observed on electroencephalography (EEG) that are not accompanied by clinical seizures. These discharges are commonly detected in children with conditions such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, brain injury, tic disorders, primary neurocognitive disorders (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), and are also present in approximately 2%~4% of healthy children. Current research largely supports the notion that subclinical discharges act as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. This article synthesizes recent literature, providing a comprehensive review of their associations with cognitive deficits, epileptogenesis, sleep disturbances, diagnostic evaluations, and therapeutic interventions.
文章引用：穆燕燕, 吴鹏. 儿童临床下放电研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(5): 214-220. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.1551361

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