基于学科竞赛与科研项目融合下大学生实践创新能力研究

Research on the Practical and Innovative Ability of College Students Based on the Integration of Disciplinary Competitions and Scientific Research Projects

摘要: 在当前高等教育深化创新创业教育改革背景下，学科竞赛与科研项目作为培养大学生实践创新能力的重要途径，其协同融合机制亟待深入研究。本文用“学科竞赛–科研项目”双轮驱动模式作为研究对象，通过文献研究、案例分析和问卷调查相结合的方法，重点分析它们在目标、内容和实施方法上的结合情况。研究发现：(1) 学科竞赛的比赛性质和科研项目的探索性质可以互相补充，把这两个结合起来能更好锻炼学生解决问题、团队合作还有成果转化的能力；(2) 当前结合过程中存在目标不统一、资源不集中、评价太单一这些问题，主要受制于课程体系衔接不足、导师指导机制欠缺、保障体系不完善等因素；(3) 通过构建“选题孵化–过程协同–成果转化”的三阶段培养模式，建立竞赛项目库与科研课题的映射机制，可以明显提升学生实践创新能力。另外还提出了要完善课程竞赛项目一体化培养体系、搭建跨学科实践平台、加强老师激励措施、多和企业合作培养人才这些建议，给高校创新人才培养改革提供参考。

Abstract: Under the current background of deepening the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform in higher education, subject competitions and scientific research projects, as important ways to cultivate college students’ practical and innovative abilities, require in-depth research on their collaborative integration mechanism. This paper takes the “subject competition-scientific research project” dual-wheel drive model as the research object, and uses a combination of literature research, case analysis, and questionnaire surveys to focus on analyzing their integration in terms of objectives, content, and implementation methods. The research findings are as follows: (1) The competitive nature of subject competitions and the exploratory nature of scientific research projects can complement each other. Combining these two can better train students’ abilities to solve problems, work in teams, and transform achievements. (2) Currently, there are problems such as inconsistent objectives, decentralization of resources, and overly simplistic evaluation during the integration process, which are mainly restricted by factors such as insufficient connection in the curriculum system, lack of an effective tutor guidance mechanism, and an imperfect guarantee system. (3) By constructing a three-stage training model of “topic incubation-process collaboration-achievement transformation” and establishing a mapping mechanism between the competition project database and scientific research topics, students’ practical and innovative abilities can be significantly improved. In addition, suggestions such as improving the integrated cultivation system of curriculum, competition, and projects, building interdisciplinary practice platforms, strengthening teacher incentive measures, and enhancing cooperation with enterprises for talent cultivation are put forward, providing references for the innovation-oriented talent cultivation reform in colleges and universities.