我国地方环境政策对污染排放影响的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Local Environmental Policies on Pollution Emissions in China

摘要: 本文以我国31个省级行政区2000~2022年的面板数据为研究样本，在理论分析地方环境政策降低污染排放的基础上，利用颁布的地方环境法规表征环境政策，就地方环境政策对污染排放的影响及其作用机制进行了实证检验。研究结果发现，地方环境政策能够有效降低污染排放，这一结论具有良好的稳健性；地方政府在环境治理中的实际执行行为对污染排放具有调节作用，政府财政支持力度能进一步强化政策减排效果。此外，异质性分析显示，经济发展水平较高的地区，政策的污染抑制效果更为明显。基于上述发现，本文提出政策制定应更加注重加强环保政策执行力度、优化区域政策差异化调整、提升企业绿色创新能力等政策建议。

Abstract: This study employs panel data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China spanning 2000 to 2022 as research samples. Building upon a theoretical analysis of how local environmental policies reduce pollution emissions, we conduct empirical tests on the impact and mechanisms of local environmental policies on industrial pollution emissions by utilizing enacted local environmental regulations as a proxy for environmental policies. The findings reveal that local environmental policies effectively reduce pollution emissions, with robust validation of this conclusion. The actual implementation behaviors of local governments in environmental governance exhibit moderating effects on pollution emissions, while enhanced government financial support can further amplify the emission reduction efficacy of policies. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates more pronounced pollution suppression effects in regions with higher economic development levels. Based on these findings, this paper proposes policy recommendations emphasizing the need to strengthen environmental policy enforcement, optimize regionally differentiated policy adjustments, and enhance corporate green innovation capabilities.