建筑全生命周期碳排放精细化核算与减碳途径研究

Research on Refined Accounting of Carbon Emissions Throughout the Entire Life Cycle of Buildings and Ways to Reduce Carbon Emissions

摘要: 本文以建筑全生命周期为研究对象，系统梳理了从建材生产、施工建造、运营维护到拆除回收各阶段的碳排放核算方法，提出了基于动态数据的精细化核算模型。结合国内外典型案例，分析了不同阶段的碳排放特征与关键影响因素，并从设计优化、材料替代、技术革新与管理提升四个维度提出减碳路径。研究表明，通过全生命周期视角的精准核算与协同干预，建筑行业可实现30%~50%的碳减排潜力，为双碳目标下的建筑低碳转型提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: This article takes the entire life cycle of buildings as the research object, systematically sorts out the carbon emission accounting methods for each stage from building material production, construction, operation and maintenance to demolition and recycling, and proposes a refined accounting model based on dynamic data. Based on typical cases at home and abroad, the carbon emission characteristics and key influencing factors at different stages were analyzed, and carbon reduction paths were proposed from four dimensions: design optimization, material substitution, technological innovation, and management improvement. Research has shown that through precise accounting and collaborative intervention from a full lifecycle perspective, the construction industry can achieve a carbon reduction potential of 30%~50%, providing theoretical basis and practical reference for the low-carbon transformation of buildings under the dual carbon goal.