乡村中学生非自杀性自伤行为的状况及其学校静观干预研究

Research on the Status of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Rural Middle School Students and School-Based Mindfulness Intervention

摘要: 本研究旨在探讨乡村中学生非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)的状况，并检验学校静观方案干预NSSI的效果。本研究招募了2609名乡村中学生(平均年龄14.93 ± 1.65)参与NSSI现状调查。招募了30名乡村初一学生参与静观干预实验，实验组16名学生接受为期12周的静观干预，对照组14名学生不接受实验干预。采用中学生自我伤害行为调查问卷对被试的NSSI进行评估。结果显示：1) 乡村中学生的自伤频次和自伤程度的得分以及自伤阳性检出率和重点关注率都显著高于城镇中学生，且在年级、身体健康状况、学业成绩上存在显著差异，但在性别、是否独生子女、是否留守上的差异不显著。2) 实验组后测结果在自伤频次、自伤程度上显著低于前测结果和对照组的后测结果；实验组自伤阳性检出率的后测结果显著低于前测结果；实验组重点关注率的后测结果显著低于前测结果和对照组的后测结果。本研究结果表明，乡村中学生是NSSI的高危群体，高中(尤其是高一、高三)、身体健康状况差、学业成绩优秀或落后是乡村中学生NSSI的易感性因素；学校静观干预方案可以有效地缓解乡村中学生的NSSI，可在学校心理健康教育中进行应用和推广。

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the status of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among rural middle school students and examine the effectiveness of a school-based mindfulness intervention on NSSI. The study recruited 2609 rural middle school students (average age 14.93 ± 1.65) to participate in a survey on NSSI. Thirty rural seventh-grade students were recruited to participate in a mindfulness intervention experiment, with 16 students in the experimental group receiving an 12-week mindfulness intervention and 14 students in the control group not receiving the experimental intervention. The Middle School Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess NSSI. The results showed that: 1) Compared to urban middle school students, rural middle school students had significantly higher scores for frequency and severity of self-injury, as well as higher rates of positive detection and special attention for self-injury. There were significant differences of NSSI in grade level, physical health status, and academic performance, but not in gender, whether the only-one child, and whether left-behind children. 2) Post-test results for the experimental group were significantly lower than pre-test results and post-test results of the control group in terms of frequency and severity of self-injury; post-test results for the positive detection rate of self-injury in the experimental group were significantly lower than pre-test results; post-test results for the special attention rate of self-injury in the experimental group were significantly lower than pre-test results and post-test results of the control group. The findings of this study indicated that rural middle school students are a high-risk group for NSSI, with high school students (especially first-year students and seniors), those with poor physical health, and those with excellent or poor academic performance being more susceptible to NSSI. The school-based mindfulness intervention program can effectively alleviate rural middle school students’ NSSI and can be applied and promoted in school mental health education.