法向应力电磁致动器优化设计
Optimized Design of Normal Stress Electromagnetic Actuator
摘要: 法向应力电磁致动器(Normal-Stressed Electromagnetic Linear Actuator, NELA)是利用磁阻力实现精密微位移的新型直线执行器，具有高可靠性、高效率、高响应速度等特点。文章提出径向偏置型NELA的优化设计方法，利用绕电枢表面S积分的麦克斯韦应力张量TZ建立径向偏置型NELA的轴向电磁力数学模型，以致动器的轴向电磁力作为目标函数，致动器的结构及电磁参数为设计变量，致动器绕组窗的尺寸和定子截面的饱和磁通限制为约束条件，建立优化设计模型，通过fmincon函数求解得到特定尺寸下径向偏置型NELA实现最大轴向电磁力的构型设计，优化后致动器的最大轴向电磁力由700 N提升到1000 N。其次，利用Ansoft Maxwell软件对该构型设计下的致动器进行三维电磁场有限元仿真分析，得到了其内部磁通分布以及轴向承载力与电流和动子轴向位移的线性关系。仿真结果表明：在±1 mm的行程内，致动器的轴向电磁力与其动子轴向位置近似呈线性关系，其最大轴向电磁力可达1000 N。
Abstract: Normal-stressed Electromagnetic Linear Actuator (NELA) is a new type of linear actuator that uses magnetic resistance to achieve precision micro-displacement with high reliability, high efficiency, and high response speed. This paper proposes an optimal design method for radially biased NELA, using the Maxwell stress tensor TZ integrated around the armature surface S to establish the axial electromagnetic force mathematical model of radially biased NELA, taking the axial electromagnetic force of the actuator as the objective function, the actuator’s structural and electromagnetic parameters as the design variables, and the dimensions of the actuator winding window and the saturated flux limitation of the stator cross-section as the constraints. An optimization design model is established and solved using the fmincon function, achieving a configuration design under specific dimensions for the radially biased NELA to realize maximum axial electromagnetic force, increasing the actuator’s maximum axial electromagnetic force from 700 N to 1000 N after optimization. Additionally, the three-dimensional electromagnetic field finite element simulation analysis of the actuator under the configuration design is carried out by using Ansoft Maxwell software to obtain the internal magnetic flux distribution and the linear relationship between the axial load carrying capacity and the current and the axial displacement of the actuator. The simulation results show that the axial electromagnetic force of the actuator is approximately linear with the axial position of its actuator within a travel of ±1 mm, and its maximum axial electromagnetic can reach 1000 N.
文章引用：苏恒章, 顾宽昊. 法向应力电磁致动器优化设计[J]. 建模与仿真, 2025, 14(5): 182-193. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2025.145384

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