电商平台内经营者破产时的平台责任研究——基于法律规制与消费者权益保护的视角

Research on the Platform’s Liability When Operators within E-Commerce Platforms Go Bankrupt—From the Perspective of Legal Regulation and Consumer Rights Protection

摘要: 随着平台经济规模化发展，经营者破产引发的消费者权益保护问题日益凸显。本文通过实证分析与比较研究，揭示电商平台在破产程序中的责任认定困境：法律层面存在《电子商务法》第38条“相应责任”解释模糊、消费者债权清偿顺位劣势等问题；实践层面存在平台审查义务虚化、破产预警机制缺失等缺陷。建议构建“动态义务论”责任框架，明确平台需根据其对经营者的控制程度承担差别化责任，同时借鉴欧盟DSA设立消费者救济专项基金。研究为完善数字经济时代平台责任制度提供理论支撑。

Abstract: With the large-scale development of platform economy, the protection of consumer rights and interests caused by operator bankruptcy has become increasingly prominent. Through empirical analysis and comparative study, this paper reveals the dilemma of liability identification of e-commerce platforms in bankruptcy proceedings: in the legal aspect, there are some problems such as vague interpretation of “corresponding liability” in Article 38 of the E-commerce Law, and disadvantages of consumers’ creditor’s rights settlement. In practice, there are some defects, such as the absence of platform review obligation and bankruptcy early warning mechanism. It is suggested to construct a “dynamic deontological” responsibility framework, clarify that platforms should bear differentiated responsibilities according to the degree of control over operators, and set up a special fund for consumer relief based on the EU DSA. The research provides theoretical support for improving the platform responsibility system in the era of digital economy.