消化道异物内镜下取出术前的风险评估与护理干预效果研究

Risk Assessment and Nursing Intervention before Endoscopic Removal of Digestive Tract Foreign Bodies

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在评估消化道异物内镜下取出术前的风险评估与护理干预对手术用时和黏膜损伤情况的影响，以及其对患者术后恢复的效果。方法：采用随机数表法，选取2023年2月至2024年9月期间的70名消化道异物患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组35名。对照组接受常规护理，而观察组在常规护理基础上增加术前风险评估和针对性护理干预。比较两组患者的手术用时、黏膜损伤情况(采用洛杉矶分级)以及术后并发症发生情况。结果：观察组手术用时(35.67 ± 8.56分钟)显著短于对照组(42.43 ± 9.12分钟)，P < 0.01。黏膜损伤情况显示，观察组A级和B级损伤患者比例高于对照组，C级和D级损伤比例低于对照组，P < 0.01。两组患者术后均未发生严重并发症。结论：术前风险评估和针对性护理干预能显著减少手术用时和黏膜损伤程度，且未增加术后并发症风险，对提升消化道异物内镜下取出术的安全性和有效性具有重要意义。

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of risk assessment and nursing intervention before endoscopic removal of digestive tract foreign bodies on the duration of operation and mucosal injury, as well as its effect on postoperative recovery of patients. Methods: 70 patients with digestive tract foreign bodies from February 2023 to September 2024 were selected by random number table method and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 35 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group added preoperative risk assessment and targeted nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing. The duration of operation, mucosal injury (using Los Angeles scale) and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The operation time of observation group (35.67 ± 8.56 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of control group (42.43 ± 9.12 minutes), P < 0.01. The mucosal injuries showed that the proportion of patients with grade A and B injuries in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the proportion of patients with grade C and D injuries was lower than that in the control group, P < 0.01. No serious complications occurred in both groups. Conclusion: Preoperative risk assessment and targeted nursing intervention can significantly reduce the duration of surgery and the degree of mucosal injury, and do not increase the risk of postoperative complications, which is of great significance for improving the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic removal of digestive foreign bodies.