ICU患者早期肺康复现状及影响因素的调查研究

Investigation on the Status Quo and Influencing Factors of Early Pulmonary Rehabilitation in ICU Patients

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在调查ICU患者早期肺康复的实施现状及其影响因素，为优化ICU患者康复治疗方案提供科学依据。方法：采用横断面调查设计，收集75例入住ICU并接受治疗的患者的基本数据、肺康复干预情况及自我效能感(PRAISE量表评分)。通过单因素和多因素回归分析探讨影响肺康复效果的主要因素。结果：ICU患者的PRAISE得分为24.35 ± 5.21，表明患者整体自我效能感处于中等水平。分析发现，干预开始时间、年龄、住院时间、合并症、呼吸支持类型和干预频率与参与度对肺康复效果有显著影响。早期干预、较年轻年龄、较短住院时间、无合并症以及高频次、高参与度干预与较高的自我效能感相关。结论：ICU患者的早期肺康复干预能显著提高自我效能感，干预的早期开始、高参与度及较少的合并症等因素对康复效果具有重要影响。未来应进一步优化康复方案，特别是针对老年患者和有合并症患者，个性化治疗可能有助于提高康复效果。

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation status and influencing factors of early pulmonary rehabilitation in ICU patients, and to provide scientific basis for optimizing the rehabilitation treatment of ICU patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the basic data, pulmonary rehabilitation intervention and self-efficacy (PRAISE scale score) of 75 patients admitted and treated in ICU. The main factors influencing the pulmonary rehabilitation effect were investigated by univariate and multifactorial regression analysis. Results: The PRAISE score of ICU patients was 24.35 ± 5.21, indicating that patients’ overall self-efficacy was at a moderate level. The analysis found that intervention initiation time, age, length of hospital stay, comorbidities, type of respiratory support, and intervention frequency and involvement had significant effects on pulmonary rehabilitation. Early intervention, younger age, shorter length of hospital stay, absence of comorbidities, and high frequency and involvement of interventions were associated with higher self-efficacy. Conclusion: Early pulmonary rehabilitation intervention in ICU patients can significantly improve self-efficacy, and the early start of intervention, high participation and less comorbidities have important effects on the rehabilitation effect. In the future, the rehabilitation program should be further optimized, especially for elderly patients and patients with comorbidities, and personalized treatment may help to improve the rehabilitation effect.