苎麻纤维的柔化改性研究

Study on the Softening Treatment of Ramie Fiber

摘要: 苎麻纤维作为世界上最长的天然纤维，具有很高的杨氏模量，但其细胞的尖端会对皮肤产生刺痒感导致其在纺织生产中没有得到重要的应用。有必要对苎麻纤维进行柔化改性。本研究在碱法脱胶的基础上，对比研究了碱法处理、硅烷偶联剂处理及其组合处理对苎麻纤维微观结构和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：采用硅烷偶联剂KH550或NaOH处理都能在一定程度上提高纤维柔软度。传统碱法脱胶中加入甘油再用KH550改性后的苎麻纤维的模量由218 cN/dtex降至70 cN/dtex，模量仅剩32%，性能接近于棉纤维，达到了柔化改性的效果。

Abstract: Ramie fiber, as the world’s longest natural fiber, has a high Young’s modulus, but the tip of its cells will itch the skin, leading to its not being used in textile production. It is necessary to soften ramie fiber. On the basis of alkali degumming, the effects of alkali treatment, silane coupling agent treatment and their combination treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ramie fiber were studied. The results show that both silane coupling agent KH550 and NaOH can improve the softness of fiber. The modulus of ramie fiber modified by KH550 after adding glycerol in traditional alkali degumming was reduced from 218 CN/dtex to 70 CN/dtex, and the modulus was only 32% to that of original ramie. The performance was close to that of cotton fiber, which achieved the effect of softening modification.