纳秒脉冲激光除胶过程仿真研究及阈值计算

Simulation Study of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Debinding Process and Threshold Calculation

摘要: 航空器起降阶段，轮胎与跑道界面摩擦生成的橡胶残留物会形成微米级污染层，其随时间累积将显著降低跑道表面摩擦系数，导致制动效能衰减，严重威胁航空器滑跑阶段的动力学安全。因此，定期清除跑道橡胶污染物成为航空地勤维护的关键任务。传统高压水射流清洗工艺存在水渍侵蚀道面孔隙、次表面微裂纹扩展等结构性损伤风险，而激光清洗技术通过光–热–力耦合效应实现了非接触式精准去除：高能激光束辐照诱导表层污染物发生光热烧蚀然后在应力的作用下脱落，从而在不损伤沥青/混凝土基体的前提下恢复跑道表面功能特性。本文针对机场跑道胶痕清洗场景，本研究提出纳秒脉冲激光清洗方案：采用脉冲激光(波长1064 nm)对胶层进行热应力脱落；本研究通过构建多物理场耦合有限元模型，系统模拟了激光功率密度对瞬时的温度，并揭示了纳秒脉冲激光功率密度为0.35 mJ/cm²为基地的损伤阈值。

Abstract: During aircraft takeoff and landing phases, friction at the tire-runway interface generates rubber residues, forming a micron-level contamination layer. Over time, this layer significantly reduces the runway surface friction coefficient, leading to decreased braking efficiency and posing a serious threat to aircraft safety during taxiing. Consequently, regular removal of rubber contaminants has become a critical task in aviation ground maintenance. Traditional high-pressure water jet cleaning methods risk structural damage, such as water erosion of runway pores and subsurface microcrack propagation. In contrast, laser cleaning technology enables non-contact, precision removal through photothermal and mechanical coupling effects: high-energy laser irradiation induces photothermal ablation of surface contaminants, which detach under stress, restoring the runway’s functional properties without damaging the asphalt or concrete substrate. This study focuses on airport runway rubber residue cleaning and proposes a nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning solution using a 1064 nm wavelength laser to achieve thermal stress detachment of the rubber layer. By developing a multi-physics coupled finite element model, the study systematically simulates the instantaneous temperature effects of laser power density and identifies a substrate damage threshold at a nanosecond laser power density of 0.35 mJ/cm².