羧甲基壳聚糖/氢氧化镁复合气凝胶的制备及其对Cu²⁺的吸附性能的研究

Preparation of CMCS/MH Composite Aerogel and the Adsorption Properties for Cu²⁺

摘要: 随着全球工业化快速发展的进程中，水资源保护意识、保护政策和法律法规等方面滞后于工业化发展带来的水污染问题日益严峻，水污染不仅会致人生病，更严重者甚至会导致死亡。其中，重金属离子Cu²⁺是一种极具危害的环境污染物，危及人类健康和生态系统的稳定，并且引起了各国政府的高度关注。为了去除水中污染物，现有的处理方法各有利弊，其中吸附法由于成本低廉、制备简单、处理高效而被广泛应用于去除废水中的染料及重金属离子。通过采用冷冻干燥法制备了CMCS/MH复合气凝胶吸附剂，并对其进行表征测试，结果发现，随着引入MH的增加，复合吸附剂的耐水性也随着增加，但当加入量过大，则会发生团聚现象导致耐水性变差。通过进行吸附试验研究在不同因素(pH、吸附剂的量、温度)的影响下对于CMCS/MH复合吸附剂在吸附Cu²⁺时的吸附量的变化，并且对吸附过程进行吸附动力学和吸附热力学拟合，结果发现当MH添加量为C8M2时对Cu²⁺的吸附效果最好。

Abstract: The advent of global industrialisation has precipitated a concomitant rise in awareness of the imperative for the conservation of water resources. However, this awareness has not been accompanied by a commensurate development of policies and legislation to protect these resources. This lacuna has resulted in an escalating problem of water pollution, which has deleterious effects on human health, and can even prove fatal. The heavy metal ion Cu²⁺ poses a grave threat to human health and ecosystem stability, thus garnering significant attention from governments worldwide. The removal of pollutants from water is an area of significant research, with a range of treatment methods in existence. Among these, adsorption has been shown to be effective in the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from wastewater, due to its low cost, simple preparation, and high efficiency of treatment. The preparation of the CMCS/MH composite aerogel adsorbents was undertaken via the freeze-drying method, and subsequent characterisation tests were conducted. It was established that the water resistance of the composite adsorbent exhibited an increase with the increase in the introduction of MH. However, when the amount added was excessive, agglomeration occurred, resulting in a deterioration of water resistance. Adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the alterations in the adsorption capacity of the CMCS/MH composite adsorbent in the adsorption of Cu²⁺ under the influence of various factors, including pH, adsorbent amount, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were modelled during the adsorption process. The findings indicated that the most effective adsorption outcome for Cu²⁺ was attained when the amount of MH was incorporated as C8M2.