俗语“不是东西”及其变式结构初探

A Preliminary Study on the Proverb “Not Things” and Its Variant Structure

摘要: 通过对CCL语料库语料、BCC语料库语料、网络语料、微博语料的收集与研究，俗语“不是东西”常见于日常口语化表达，在文学作品和报刊中也有运用。语法结构上，该俗语可以充当谓语、定语等多种句法成分，并可参与构建“的”字结构和兼语结构等，也经常单独成句。该俗语在话语交际中也具有一定的灵活性。语义表达上，俗语“不是东西”表达了发话人主观的谩骂贬损，具有浓烈的贬义色彩；其它灵活性变式也多表发话人的主观评价，在实际应用中有细微的差别。

Abstract: Through the collection and research of CCL corpus, BCC corpus, network corpus and Weibo corpus, it is found that the proverb “not things” is common in daily oral expression and is also used in literary works and newspapers. Grammatically, this idiom can act as a predicate, attribute and other syntactic components, and can participate in the construction of “de” structure and concurrent structure, etc., and often forms a sentence alone. This proverb also has some flexibility in discourse communication. In semantic expression, the proverb “not things” expresses the speaker’s subjective abuse and derogatory, which has a strong derogatory color; Other flexible variants also express the speaker’s subjective evaluation, which is slightly different in practical application.