关于峨眉山大火成岩省一些问题的研究现状

Research Status of Some Problems about Emeishan Large Igneous Province

摘要: 文章综述了峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)的研究现状，重点探讨了其形成机制、喷发时间、岩石类型及成矿作用等方面的研究进展，并对存在的争议进行了分析。ELIP的形成被认为是地幔柱上涌活动的结果，主要证据包括地壳快速隆升、高温苦橄岩的存在等。研究表明，ELIP的喷发时间较短，但不同研究方法得到的年龄数据存在一定差异，可能与其复杂的岩浆活动和后期热事件有关。ELIP中的高钛和低钛玄武岩成因存在争议，有研究认为它们起源于不同深度的地幔部分熔融，也有观点指出是同一源区经不同演化路径形成。此外，ELIP还与丰富的金属矿产资源相关，成矿作用与特定岩浆岩类型紧密联系。研究表明，成矿岩浆系统与地幔柱引发的深部熔融过程密切相关，同时古老大陆岩石圈地幔的参与显著提升了岩浆的成矿潜力。尽管已有诸多重要进展，但ELIP的形成机制、喷发时间及其与生物灭绝事件的关系等关键问题仍存在争议。未来的研究需要进一步结合多学科手段，开展高精度年代学和地球化学研究，以深入理解ELIP的形成过程及其与地球深部动力学的联系，为揭示大火成岩省的成因和地球各圈层相互作用提供更丰富的科学依据。

Abstract: This paper reviews the research status of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), focusing on its formation mechanism, eruption time, rock type and mineralization, and analyzes the existing disputes. The formation of the ELIP is considered to be the result of the upwelling of the mantle plume. The main evidence includes the rapid uplift of the crust and the existence of high-temperature picrite. Studies have shown that the eruption time of ELIP is relatively short, but there are some differences in the age data obtained by different research methods, which may be related to its complex magmatic activity and later thermal events. The genesis of high-titanium and low-titanium basalts in ELIP is controversial. Some studies suggest that they originate from partial melting of mantle at different depths, and some point out that they are formed by different evolution paths in the same source area. In addition, ELIP is also associated with abundant metal mineral resources, and mineralization is closely related to specific magmatic rock types. Studies have shown that the ore-forming magmatic system is closely related to the deep melting process caused by the mantle plume, and the participation of the ancient continental lithospheric mantle significantly enhances the metallogenic potential of the magma. Although there have been many important advances, the key issues such as the formation mechanism of ELIP, the eruption time and its relationship with the biological extinction event are still controversial. Future research needs to further combine multidisciplinary means to carry out high-precision chronology and geochemical studies to deeply understand the formation process of ELIP and its relationship with the deep dynamics of the earth, and to provide a richer scientific basis for revealing the genesis of large igneous provinces and the interaction of various spheres of the earth.