刑事责任年龄降低否定论

Negative Arguments for Lowering the Age of Criminal Responsibility

摘要: 刑事责任年龄规定方式，主要有降低说、补足说和不变说三种主张。支持降低说的学者认为，低龄未成年人犯罪频发应予刑法规制，并且可以满足刑罚一般预防的需要，但采取降低说存在悖于国际要求、犯罪鄙视链与刑罚副作用的影响、将未成年人犯罪原因转嫁于刑法规制不足和未成年人自身等弊端。主张补足说的学者认为应当引入英美法系中的恶意补足年龄规则，以形成未成年人犯罪分级处理的格局，但该观点违反罪刑法定原则且易威胁我国司法的公正性，不宜适用于我国刑事立法。从我国的实际情况出发，充分考虑对未成年人的刑事政策等各方面因素，综合考量，确定现行刑事责任年龄的规定不但符合我国国情，与国际规定相符、契合刑法的价值追求，并且可以满足社会实践的需要，能够兼顾未成年人权益保护与社会稳定的维护，因此现行最低刑事责任年龄的规定应当采用不变说的观点。

Abstract: About the way how the minimum age of criminal responsibility is set, there are three main propositions: the lowering proposition, the complementary proposition and the no-change proposition. Scholars in favor of lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility believe that the frequent occurrence of crimes committed by underage minors should be regulated by criminal law and that it can satisfy the need for general prevention of punishment, but the lowering of the minimum age of criminal responsibility has the disadvantages of being contrary to the international requirements, the influence of the criminal stigmatization chain and the side-effects of punishment, and shifting the causes of crimes committed by minors to the insufficiency of the criminal law system and the minors themselves. The scholars who advocate the complementary proposition believe that the rule of malicious complementary age in the common law system should be introduced to form a hierarchical pattern of juvenile delinquency, but this proposition violates the principle of the law of crime and punishment and is easy to threaten the fairness of our country’s justice, and it is not suitable to be applied to our country’s criminal legislation. From the actual situation in China, fully consider the criminal policy towards minors and other factors, comprehensive consideration, to determine whether the current age of criminal responsibility is not only in line with China’s national conditions, and international regulations, in line with the pursuit of criminal law values, and can meet the needs of social practice, can take into account the protection of the rights and interests of minors and the maintenance of social stability, so the current minimum age of criminal responsibility provisions should adopt the no-change proposition.