体育公益项目对孤独症儿童社会融合的机制研究——基于社会生态系统理论

A Study on the Mechanism of Sports Charity Projects on the Social Integration of Children with Autism—Based on Social Ecological System Theory

摘要: 本研究以社会生态系统理论为框架，系统探讨体育公益项目对孤独症儿童社会融合的作用机制。基于我国孤独症儿童康复服务覆盖低的现实困境，研究通过整合社会生态系统理论与社会支持理论，构建“生物–社会”双向互构模型，揭示体育干预的跨层次传导路径。研究发现：1) 在微观层面，结构化运动通过激活镜像神经元系统，重塑前额叶–边缘系统的功能耦合，促进孤独症儿童情绪识别与社交意向性的发展；2) 中观层面，体育公益项目通过家庭、学校与社区的协同作用，建立代际赋能网络与社会资本转化机制，解决服务碎片化问题；3) 宏观层面，政策工具的整合不足与跨部门协同缺位，导致社会融合效能受限。针对三维困境，研究提出“个体赋能–家庭支撑–政策创新”的协同路径：通过运动干预激活神经可塑性、创建家庭代际协同网络、构建复杂适应性制度系统促进孤独症儿童的社会融合。研究为孤独症儿童社会融合的跨系统干预提供了理论依据与实践范式。

Abstract: This study uses the social ecosystem theory as a framework to systematically explore the mechanism of sports public welfare projects on the social integration of children with autism. Based on the current dilemma of low coverage of rehabilitation services for children with autism in China, this study integrates the social ecosystem theory and social support theory to construct a “biological-social” two-way mutual construction model and reveal the cross-level transmission path of sports intervention. The study found that: 1) At the micro level, structured exercise activates the mirror neuron system and reshapes the functional coupling of the prefrontal-limbic system, promoting the development of emotion recognition and social intentionality in children with autism; 2) At the meso level, sports public welfare projects establish intergenerational empowerment networks and social capital transformation mechanisms through the synergy of family, school and community to solve the problem of service fragmentation; 3) At the macro level, the lack of integration of policy tools and the lack of cross-departmental coordination have limited the effectiveness of social integration. In response to the three-dimensional dilemma, the study proposes a collaborative path of “individual empowerment-family support-policy innovation”: activating neural plasticity through sports intervention, creating a family intergenerational collaborative network, and building a complex adaptive institutional system to promote the social integration of children with autism. The study provides a theoretical basis and practical paradigm for cross-system intervention in the social integration of children with autism.