老年助餐点服务困境及对策研究——以贵州省老年助餐点为例

Research on the Service Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Senior Meal-Assistance Sites—Taking Senior Meal-Assistance Sites in Guizhou Province as Examples

摘要: 老年助餐服务在我国步入深度老龄社会背景下诞生，是满足老年人用餐需求的民生工程，也是增进老年人社会融入的重要举措。老年群体因独特的身心特征需要加大关注，助餐服务理应承担起由舌尖关爱传递老年福祉的重要使命。因此，老人助餐服务困境对深化养老服务领域改革、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果具有重要意义。本研究以贵州省多个老年食堂为样本，系统分析了助餐点在老年就餐稳定性、适老设施建设、老龄人文关怀以及覆盖率等方面的具体做法。发现食堂面临老人到餐率、供需比、满意度参差不齐的困境，并在此基础上提出建议，以期为积极应对人口老龄化国家战略提供实践参考。

Abstract: Senior meal-assistance services emerged against the backdrop of China's entry into a deeply aging society. They are not only a livelihood project designed to meet the dining needs of the elderly but also an important measure to enhance their social integration. Given the unique physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly population, greater attention should be paid to them, and meal-assistance services should undertake the crucial mission of conveying care for their well-being from the dining table. Therefore, the dilemmas faced by senior meal-assistance services hold significant implications for deepening reforms in the field of elderly care services and consolidating and expanding achievements in poverty alleviation. This study, taking multiple senior canteens in Guizhou Province as samples, systematically analyzes the specific practices of meal-assistance sites in terms of dining stability for the elderly, construction of elderly-friendly facilities, humanistic care for the aged, and service coverage. It reveals that canteens are confronted with dilemmas such as varying attendance rates, supply-demand ratios, and satisfaction levels among the elderly. On this basis, recommendations are proposed to provide practical references for actively responding to the national strategy of population aging.