电阻抗成像技术在机械通气患者撤机中的研究进展

Research Progress of Electrical Impedance Imaging Technology in Ventilator Weaning Patients with Mechanical Ventilation

摘要: 机械通气是救治急危重症患者的一种重要生命支持手段，然而随着机械通气时间的增加，患者将出现呼吸机相关性肺损伤、呼吸机相关性膈肌功能障碍等并发症，故机械通气撤机是医护人员面临的重要挑战之一。最佳的撤机时机不仅可以促进原发病的恢复，而且还可以减少呼吸机相关性并发症、缩短患者住院时间。电阻抗断层成像(electrical impedance tomography, EIT)是一种无创、无辐射的床旁成像技术，可实时动态观察肺通气情况，评估撤机时机。本文从EIT的工作原理、EIT在撤机方面的应用等几个方面进行综述，为机械通气患者的撤机提供帮助。

Abstract: Mechanical ventilation is an important means of life support for critically ill patients. However, with the increase of mechanical ventilation time, patients will have complications such as ventilator-induced lung injury and ventilator-associated diaphragm dysfunction, so ventilator weaning from mechanical ventilation is one of the important challenges faced by medical staff. Optimal timing of ventilator weaning can not only promote the recovery of the primary disease, but also reduce the ventilator-related complications and shorten the hospitalization time of patients. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive and non-radiation bedside imaging technology, which can dynamically observe the pulmonary ventilation in real time and evaluate the opportunity of ventilator weaning. In this paper, the working principle of EIT and its application in ventilator weaning are reviewed to provide help for ventilator weaning patients with mechanical ventilation.