从汉语史视角分析“谁知道”的语法化

Analysis of the Grammaticalization of “Who Knows” from the Perspective of Chinese History

摘要: 本文从汉语史的视角出发，深入探讨了“谁知道”这一结构的语法化过程。通过详细分析其在不同历史阶段的语义演变、句法功能和语用特征，揭示了“谁知道”从自由短语逐渐凝固为话语标记的演变路径。本文还探讨了驱动这一语法化过程的多种机制，包括重新分析、主观化、语境吸收和频率效应等。此外，本文还从类型学角度比较了“谁知道”与其他语言的相似结构，并讨论了其当代变异和跨语言共性。

Abstract: From the perspective of Chinese history, this paper discusses the grammaticalization process of the structure “Who knows”. Through a detailed analysis of its semantic evolution, syntactic function and pragmatic characteristics in different historical stages, it reveals the evolution path of “who knows” from a free phrase to a discourse marker. This paper also discusses various mechanisms that drive this grammaticalization process, including reanalysis, subjectification, context absorption and frequency effect. In addition, this paper also compares the similar structures of “who knows” with other languages from the perspective of typology, and discusses their contemporary variations and cross-language commonalities.