准定语句“NP₁的NP₂ + V + 补语”的构式分析——以“他的老师当得好”为例

Constructive Analysis of the Quasi-Statement “NP₁ de (的) NP₂ + V + Complement”—Taking “His Teacher Being a Good Teacher” as an Example

摘要: 运用构式语法理论对准定语句“NP₁的NP₂ + V + 补语”构式进行界定、对其构件、构式义以及构式的生成动因进行分析，探究这一构式的语义，阐述整个构式的语义特征及其生成机制。通过比较分析、定性分析和语料库分析，可以得出，在准定语句“NP₁的NP₂+V+补语”中，“V”具有[+技能]的语义特征，具体可以分为4类，包括[+职业技能]、[+运动技能]、[+才艺技能]、和[+劳动技能]。“补语”全部指向“NP₁的NP₂”隐含的事件，表达对行为主体具有某项技能的评价，该评价具有主观性且多趋向于积极的评价。该构式的生成机制为语言经济性原则下的层层推导，其过程为“NP₁的NP₂ + V + 补语(领属关系定语句)”→“NP₁ + 的 + V + NP₂ + V + 补语”→“NP₁的NP₂ + V + 补语(准定语句)”。

Abstract: This paper uses the construction grammar theory to define the construction of the quasi-definite sentence “NP₁ de(的) NP₂ + V + Complement”, analyzes its components, the meaning of the construction and the motivation of the construction, explores the semantics of this construction, and expounds the semantic characteristics of the whole construction and its generation mechanism. Through the comparative method, qualitative method and corpus analysis method, it can be concluded that the quasi-definite sentence “NP₁ de (的) NP₂ + V + Complement” has the semantic characteristics of [+skill] and [+subjective evaluation], and the verbs entering the “V” slot can be divided into four categories, including [+vocational skills], [+motor skills], [+talent skills], and [+labor skills]. “Complements” all point to the events implied by "NP₁ de (的) NP₂", expressing the evaluation that the actor has a certain skill, which is subjective and tends to be positive. The generation mechanism of this construction is a layer by layer deduction under the principle of linguistic economy, which follows the process of “NP₁ de (的) NP₂ + V + Complement (possessive attributive sentence)” → “NP₁ + de (的) + V + NP₂ + V + Complement” → “NP₁ de (的) NP₂ + V + Complement (quasi-statement )”.