行政复议的体系定位、功能困境与优化路径

The Systemic Positioning, Functional Challenges, and Optimization Pathways of Administrative Reconsideration

摘要: 2023年9月1日，新修订的《行政复议法》审议通过，此次修订正式确认了行政复议作为“化解行政争议主渠道作用”的定位，为主渠道目标导向提供了制度支撑，引发了学界的广泛研究，同时也暴露其存在的问题。本文致力于探讨行政复议作为行政争议解决核心途径的角色与功能。首先是对行政复议的定义和体系定位进行界定与深入剖析。紧接着，深入剖析了行政复议在实践中未能有效发挥其作为行政争议解决核心途径作用的缘由。最终，依据行政复议制度存在的三大核心缺陷，逐一提出了详尽的优化路径，旨在强化行政复议制度在“主渠道”定位下实质性解决行政争议的能力。

Abstract: On September 1, 2023, the newly amended Administrative Reconsideration Law was adopted, which formally establishes administrative reconsideration as the “primary mechanism for resolving administrative disputes”. This legislative revision provides institutional support for achieving this primary-channel objective, has stimulated extensive academic research, and simultaneously revealed existing systemic shortcomings. This paper examines the role and function of administrative reconsideration as the central pathway for resolving administrative disputes. The analysis begins with a conceptual definition and in-depth examination of administrative reconsideration’s concept and systemic positioning. Subsequently, it investigates the underlying reasons why administrative reconsideration has failed to effectively serve as the principal means of dispute resolution in practice. Finally, based on three core institutional deficiencies identified in the current system, the study proposes improvement measures aimed at enhancing the mechanism’s capacity to substantively resolve administrative disputes under its designated “primary channel” framework.