硬头河特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区浮游生物群落结构及水质评价

The Plankton Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment in Yingtou River National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve

摘要: 为了解硬头河特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区浮游生物群落结构和水生态环境质量，于2023年8月对硬头河保护区的水体理化性质和浮游生物群落结构及水质健康状况进行了调查，通过对浮游植物和浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量以及多样性指数等方面的研究，评估了该区域水质及生态健康状况。结果表明，调查期间硬头河保护区共监测到浮游植物6门16目24科37属50种，其中硅藻门和绿藻门为主要类群。监测到浮游动物3类27种，浮游动物群落以轮虫和原生动物为主。根据单因子评价和浮游生物多样性指数，硬头河保护区水质处于II类水平，为β-中污型到寡污型河流，水体营养类型为中–富营养型水体。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示：溶氧(DO)、流速和水温是影响硬头河保护区浮游生物群落结构的主要环境因子。本研究为硬头河保护区水生态环境的监测和保护提供了基础依据。

Abstract: To understand the plankton community structure and the quality of the aquatic ecological environment in the Yingtou River National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve, investigations on water physical-chemical properties, plankton community structure, and water quality health status were conducted in the Yingtou River Reserve in August 2023. Through studies on the species composition, abundance, biomass, and diversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton, the water quality and ecological health of the area were evaluated. Results showed that during the investigation, 50 phytoplankton species (belonging to 37 genera, 24 families, 16 orders, and 6 phyla) were monitored in the Yingtou River Reserve, with Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta as the dominant groups. For zooplankton, 27 species from 3 categories were recorded, and the zooplankton community was dominated by rotifers and protozoa. Based on single-factor evaluation and plankton diversity indices, the water quality of the Yingtou River Reserve reached Class II level, classified as a β-mesosaprobic to oligosaprobic river, with a mesotrophic to eutrophic nutrient type. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that dissolved oxygen (DO), flow velocity, and water temperature are the main environmental factors affecting the plankton community structure in the Yingtou River Reserve. This study provides a fundamental basis for monitoring and protecting the aquatic ecological environment of the Yingtou River Reserve.