变应性鼻炎患儿心理状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of Psychological Status and Influencing Factors in Children with Allergic Rhinitis

摘要: 目的：探讨变应性鼻炎(AR)患儿的心理状况及其影响因素。方法：选取2023年6月至2024年12月在青岛大学附属医院变态反应科就诊的7~14岁AR患儿，收集人口学特征(年龄、体质指数)及临床特征(病程、AR分型、症状严重程度、合并哮喘情况)。采用抑郁–焦虑–压力量表(DASS-21)评估AR患儿心理状况，通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨心理状态的影响因素。结果：AR患儿抑郁症状、焦虑症状阳性率分别为16.48%、19.23%。单因素分析显示：年龄大于12岁、病程大于1年、中重度鼻炎、持续性发作以及合并哮喘是抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素(P < 0.05)。多因素分析表明：抑郁症状的独立危险因素为年龄大于12岁、病程大于1年、持续性发作及合并哮喘；焦虑症状的独立危险因素为病程大于1年、持续性发作及合并哮喘。结论：AR患儿抑郁、焦虑分量表评分阳性率较高，其中抑郁症状与年龄、病程、症状持续性和哮喘共病相关，而焦虑症状主要受病程、症状持续性和哮喘共病影响。

Abstract: Objective: Exploring the psychological status and influencing factors of children with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: In this study, children with AR aged 7 to 14 years with allergic rhinitis (AR) who visited the Abnormal (Allergic) Reaction Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from June 2023 to December 2024. Demographic characteristics (age, body mass index) and clinical characteristics (disease duration, AR classification, symptom severity, and comorbid asthma) were collected. The psychological status of AR patients was assessed using the depression-anxiety-stress scale (DASS-21), and the influencing factors of psychological status were explored through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The positive rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in AR patients were 16.48% and 19.23%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age greater than 12 years, disease duration longer than 1 year, moderate-to-severe rhinitis, persistent episodes, and comorbid asthma were influencing factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that independent risk factors for depressive symptoms were age greater than 12 years, disease duration longer than 1 year, persistent episodes, and comorbid asthma; independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms were disease duration longer than 1 year, persistent episodes, and comorbid asthma. Conclusion: AR patients have a relatively high positive rate of depressive and anxiety subscale scores. Depressive symptoms are associated with age, disease duration, symptom persistence, and comorbid asthma, while anxiety symptoms are mainly affected by disease duration, symptom persistence, and comorbid asthma.