社会资本视角下中国社区基金会发展及启示研究

Research on the Development and Implications of Community Foundations from the Perspective of Social Capital

摘要: 在新时代社会组织高质量发展的时代浪潮下，社区基金会作为基层治理创新的关键枢纽，其高质量发展与社会资本紧密相连。文章以社会资本理论为基础，以“信任–网络–规范”为分析框架，剖析中国社区基金会在发展中存在的问题，并以杭州市L社区基金会、上海市Y社区基金会、成都市L社区基金会为案例，探究社会资本要素对不同主体发起型社区基金会的作用机制。研究发现社区基金会面临资源供给不足、纵横协同困难、信任危机三大核心问题。案例对比分析表明，居民自发型社区基金会通过高频公益活动构建内生信任网络，政府主导型社区基金会依托制度调整优化横向协作，企业主导型社区基金会则以规范化管理弥补公共性短板，三者均需通过制度创新、网络重构与信任培育实现社会资本增值。基于此，本文提出加强规范建设、优化治理结构、构建协同网络的对策建议，从而为社区基金会突破发展桎梏、实现治理效能跃迁提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Under the new era’s wave of high-quality development of social organizations, community foundations, as key hubs for grassroots governance innovation, are closely linked to the development of social capital. Based on the theory of social capital and using the “trust-network-norm” analytical framework, this paper examines the problems existing in the development of community foundations in China and takes the L Community Foundation in Hangzhou, the Y Community Foundation in Shanghai, and the L Community Foundation in Chengdu as cases to explore the mechanism of the role of social capital elements in community foundations initiated by different subjects. The research finds that community foundations face three core problems: insufficient resource supply, difficulty in vertical and horizontal coordination, and trust crisis. Comparative case analysis shows that resident-initiated community foundations build endogenous trust networks through frequent public welfare activities, government-led community foundations optimize horizontal collaboration through institutional adjustments, and enterprise-led community foundations make up for the shortcoming of public nature through standardized management. All three need to achieve the appreciation of social capital through institutional innovation, network reconstruction, and trust cultivation. Based on this, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening normative construction, optimizing governance structure, and building a collaborative network, thereby providing theoretical and practical references for community foundations to break through development bottlenecks and achieve a leap in governance efficiency.