水平井暂堵压裂中暂堵球封堵孔眼规律实验研究

Experimental Study on the Law of Temporary Plugging Balls Plugging Perforation during Temporary Plugging Fracturing in Horizontal Wells

摘要: 暂堵球对射孔孔眼的封堵效果直接关系到暂堵转向压裂技术的成败。为明确水平井暂堵压裂过程中暂堵球对水平井射孔孔眼的封堵规律，本文设计了一种水平井暂堵球射孔孔眼封堵实验装置，研究了不同泵注排量、暂堵球粒径、携带液粘度、射孔孔眼数以及球孔数比等因素对暂堵球分布及孔眼封堵规律的影响。结果表明：暂堵球的封堵效率随暂堵球粒径、射孔孔眼数的增大而降低，随泵注排量、球孔数比的增大而先升高后降低；实验评价最佳泵注排量为0.3 m³/min，最佳球孔数比为4:3；增大携带液粘度，暂堵球的封堵效率先减小后增大，转折点在10 mPa∙s，本文的实验结果为水平井投球暂堵转向压裂方案提供了一定的参考和指导意义。

Abstract: The plugging effect of the ball in the perforation directly affects the success of the temporary blocking steering fracturing technique. To clarify the plugging law of the temporary plugging ball on perforation holes during temporary plugging fracturing in the horizontal wells, this paper designed an experimental device for plugging the perforations with temporary plugging balls in horizontal wells, and analyzed the influence of different pumping rates, the diameters of temporary plugging ball, carrying fluid viscosities, the number of perforations, and the ratio of ball to perforation on the distribution of temporary plugging balls and the plugging laws of the perforations. The results show that the plugging efficiency of the temporary plugging ball decreases with the increase of the diameters of temporary plugging ball and the number of perforations, and increases first and then decreases with the increase of pumping rate and the ratio of ball to perforation; The optimal pump rate for experimental evaluation is 0.3 m³/min, and the optimal ratio of ball to perforation is 4:3; With the increase of the carrying fluid viscosities, the plugging efficiency of the temporary plugging ball first decreases and then increases, and the turning point is 10 mPa∙s. The results can provide a certain reference and guiding significance for the optimization of the temporary plugging process of horizontal well to the fracturing ball. The results can provide a certain reference and guiding significance for temporary blocking plugging fracturing in horizontal wells.