硅酸盐矿物表面溶解行为研究综述
A Review on Surface Dissolution Behavior of Silicate Minerals
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2025.155072, PDF,   
作者: 刘鹏举：长江大学资源与环境学院，湖北 武汉
关键词: 硅酸盐矿物；表面溶解；地球化学循环；Silicate Minerals； Surface Dissolution； Geochemical Cycle
摘要: 硅酸盐矿物的表面溶解反应是控制元素地球化学循环的重要一环。文章系统综述了长石、高岭石、蒙脱石、石英等典型硅酸盐矿物在不同溶液条件下的溶解行为特征，归纳总结了硅酸盐矿物晶体结构(层状、架状)、环境条件(pH、温度、压力)及酸溶液类型(有机酸、无机酸)对其表面溶解行为的协同调控规律。文章重点探讨了典型硅酸盐矿物在不同环境中的表面溶解反应特征和机理，并进一步讨论酸化处理在环境矿物材料开发中的应用。通过综述国内外文献，文章得到了以下几点认识：1) pH对硅酸盐矿物溶解速率的调控具有相似特征，但在不同矿物类型中有细微差别；2) 酸溶液类型对硅酸盐矿物溶解存在着不同的反应机制；3) 酸蚀改变硅酸盐矿物结构及其表面性质，进而影响其表面反应性。该综述可为多元体系下硅酸盐矿物表面溶解行为及其与重金属耦合模型的构建提供了一定的理论参考。
Abstract: The surface dissolution reactions of silicate minerals are a critical component in controlling geochemical element cycling. This paper systematically reviews the dissolution behavior characteristics of typical silicate minerals (e.g., feldspar, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and quartz) under varying solution conditions, and summarizes the synergistic regulatory effects of mineral crystal structures (phyllosilicate, tectosilicate), environmental conditions (pH, temperature, pressure), and acid solution types (organic/inorganic acids) on their surface dissolution processes. The study focuses on the reaction features and mechanisms of silicate mineral surface dissolution in diverse environments, with further discussion on the application of acid treatment in developing environmental mineral materials. By synthesizing global literature, the following insights are derived: 1) pH exerts broadly similar controls on silicate mineral dissolution rates, yet exhibits subtle variations across mineral types; 2) Acid solution types govern dissolution through distinct reaction mechanisms; 3) Acid etching modifies mineral structures and surface properties, thereby influencing their surface reactivity. This review provides theoretical references for modeling surface dissolution behavior of silicate minerals in multicomponent systems and their coupling mechanisms with heavy metals.
文章引用：刘鹏举. 硅酸盐矿物表面溶解行为研究综述[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2025, 15(5): 740-751. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2025.155072

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