针灸治疗变应性鼻炎的临床应用与展望

Clinical Application and Prospect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

摘要: 变应性鼻炎(AR)是由IgE介导的鼻黏膜慢性炎症，以阵发性喷嚏、清水样涕、鼻塞及鼻痒为特征，常由尘螨、花粉等过敏原诱发，具有遗传易感性和环境相关性。当前临床治疗以规避过敏原、药物干预(抗组胺药、糖皮质激素、白三烯受体拮抗剂等)及免疫治疗为主。药物治疗虽能快速缓解症状，但长期使用可能伴随嗜睡、鼻腔干燥等副作用；免疫治疗作为对因治疗，面临疗程冗长(2~3年)、患者依从性低等局限。手术治疗仅适用于鼻甲结构异常者，难以解决免疫失衡的根本问题。针灸疗法在变应性鼻炎的防治中展现独特优势，作为绿色疗法，针灸通过刺激特定等穴位，调节交感与副交感神经平衡，改善鼻黏膜炎症反应，从整体上调节免疫紊乱，与西药相比针灸无全身副作用，且能通过多靶点调节体质，降低复发率。本文就针灸治疗变应性鼻炎进行综述，以期为变应性鼻炎的后续研究奠定基础。

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE, characterized by paroxysmal sneezing, watery nasal discharge, nasal congestion, and nasal itching. It is often induced by allergens such as dust mites and pollen, and has genetic susceptibility and environmental relevance. The current clinical treatment mainly focuses on avoiding allergens, drug intervention (antihistamines, glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, etc.), and immunotherapy. Although medication can quickly alleviate symptoms, long-term use may be accompanied by side effects such as drowsiness and dry nasal cavity; Immunotherapy, as a targeted treatment, faces limitations such as lengthy treatment courses (2~3 years) and low patient compliance. Surgical treatment is only suitable for patients with abnormal nasal turbinate structure and is difficult to solve the fundamental problem of immune imbalance. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy shows unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis. As a green therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion can regulate the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves by stimulating specific acupoints, improve the inflammatory reaction of nasal mucosa, regulate the immune disorder as a whole. Compared with western medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion has no systemic side effects, and can regulate the constitution through multiple targets to reduce the recurrence rate. This article reviews the treatment of allergic rhinitis with acupuncture and moxibustion in order to lay a foundation for the follow-up study of allergic rhinitis.