农村宅基地使用权有偿退出法律制度完善

Improvement of the Legal System for Paid Withdrawal of Rural Homestead Use Rights

摘要: 随着我国城镇化进程的加快，选择进城务工的农户大量增加，这种情况下基于集体经济组织成员身份而取得的宅基地被闲置，农村土地资源浪费现象严重。同时在“一户一宅”和宅基地面积限额的法律政策背景下，因非法占有、继承、结婚、分户等实际情况所导致的“一户多宅”现状，农村土地资源浪费且面临重大法律隐患。2018年中共中央、国务院提出继续深化农村土地改革，完善农民闲置宅基地和闲置农房政策，继续探索“三权分置”改革。这就保障农户在“住有所居”的基础上，对宅基地财产性功能的继续探索。而宅基地使用权退出制度就是在此政策背景下探索出的解决路径方案之一，但宅基地使用权有偿退出制度在我国法律规范并不明确。本文主要对宅基地使用权有偿退出内涵以及应遵循的原则进行基本介绍，分析宅基地使用权有偿退出的制度构建的必然性，从而提出农村宅基地使用权有偿退出所面临的法律困境并提出对策优化。

Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, there has been a significant increase in the number of farmers who choose to work in cities. In this situation, homesteads obtained based on membership in collective economic organizations are idle, leading to serious waste of rural land resources. Under the legal policy background of “one household, one homestead” and the limit of homestead area, the current situation of “one household, multiple homesteads” caused by illegal occupation, inheritance, marriage, and household separation has led to the waste of rural land resources and significant legal risks. In 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed to continue deepening rural land reform, improve policies for idle rural homesteads and houses, and continue to explore the “separation of three rights” reform. This ensures that farmers continue to explore the property functions of homestead land on the basis of “having a place to live”. The withdrawal system of the right to use homestead land is one of the solutions explored under this policy background, but the paid withdrawal system of the right to use homestead land is not clear in China’s legal norms. This article mainly introduces the connotation and principles of paid withdrawal of rural homestead use rights, analyzes the inevitability of the institutional construction of paid withdrawal of homestead use rights, and puts forward the legal difficulties faced by paid withdrawal of rural homestead use rights and proposes countermeasures for optimization.