列斐伏尔消费社会批判理论探析

An Exploration of Lefebvre’s Critical Theory of Consumer Society

摘要: 二十世纪法国著名的马克思主义理论家亨利·列斐伏尔以“消费受控制的官僚社会”来指认资产阶级企图确立消费的主导地位，并以消费意识形态来消解无产阶级的理想和价值，掩盖其攫取利益、巩固统治的剥削本质。列斐伏尔以消费社会中人的生存和发展问题为关注点，深入分析了消费社会的本质以及引起消费异化的根源，并基于符号学和语言学的研究方法对结构主义运动进行批判，将语言学革命视作日常生活革命的基本策源地，呼唤一种诗性的语言学革命以对抗现代资本主义的全面异化。列斐伏尔的这一系列理论固然对于人们思想的自由解放，以及马克思主义在现代的发展具有重要的作用，但同时也具有着明显的乌托邦色彩，使其无法真正地胜任落后国家乃至整个人类获得解放和自由的伟大事业。

Abstract: Henri Lefebvre (1901~1991), a famous French Marxist theorist in the twentieth century, pointed out that modern capitalist society has become a “Bureaucratic Society of Controlled Consumption”, in order to point out that the bourgeoisie attempts to establish the dominant position of consumption and to dissolve the ideals and values of the proletariat with the ideology of consumption and to conceal its exploitative nature of seizing profit and consolidating its rule. At the same time, Lefebvre focused on the survival and development of human beings in the consumption society and analyzed in depth the nature of the consumer society and the root causes of consumption alienation. He criticized the structuralism based on the research methods of semiotics and linguistics, and called for a revolution in poetic linguistics, which is to be regarded as the basic source of the revolution of everyday life, and calls for the replacement of the dominance of the cold and false written language with the vivid and authentic oral language. This series of theories of Lefebvre is certainly important for the free emancipation of people’s minds and the development of Marxism in modern times, but at the same time it has a distinctly utopian coloring, which makes it incapable of being truly competent for the great cause of the emancipation and freedom of backward countries and even the whole of mankind.