数字经济与绿色创新效率——基于空间Markov链与空间效应分析

Digital Economy and Green Innovation Efficiency—Based on Spatial Markov Chain and Spatial Effect Analysis

摘要: 绿色创新在加快构建新发展格局和推动区域高质量发展中起到至关重要的作用，明晰数字化、绿色化如何实现区域创新协同发展具有重大意义。本文基于我国275个地级及以上城市2011~2022年的面板数据，利用纵横向拉伸法、超效率SBM模型对数字经济和绿色创新效率进行测度，对其进行区域差异分析与空间特征分析，进而系统研究数字经济对绿色创新效率的空间溢出效应。研究显示，第一，我国城市群数字经济水平呈稳步上升趋势，但区域发展不平衡问题仍突出。第二，绿色创新效率演化呈现显著路径依赖特征和空间稳定性：高效区域需构建跨区域创新网络，强化技术溢出并建立风险隔离机制；中等效率区域应加强协同创新体系建设，提升抗低效拖拽能力；低效区域亟需政策干预打破“创新贫困陷阱”，完善要素流动机制和预警系统。第三，数字经济通过物联网等技术打破时空限制，形成区域内外的双重溢出效应，促进资源优化配置。需优化绿色金融机制，环境规制长期为绿色创新提供制度保障，但短期可能抑制创新活力，技术创新是核心驱动力，其传导机制仍需优化。研究强调，需辩证看待政策工具的时滞效应，在保持创新管理刚性的同时，注重培育区域创新生态系统的韧性，以实现效率提升的可持续性，从而助力经济高质量发展的对策建议。

Abstract: Green innovation plays a crucial role in accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and promoting high-quality regional development. It is of great significance to clarify how digitalization and greenization can achieve regional innovation and coordinated development. This paper measures the efficiency of digital economy and green innovation based on the panel data of 275 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2022, using the longitudinal stretching method and the super-efficiency SBM model. It conducts regional difference analysis and spatial characteristic analysis, and then systematically studies the spatial spillover effect of digital economy on green innovation efficiency. The research shows that, first, the level of digital economy in China’s urban agglomerations has shown a steady upward trend, but the problem of regional development imbalance remains prominent. Second, the evolution of green innovation efficiency presents significant path dependence characteristics and spatial stability: efficient regions need to build cross-regional innovation networks, strengthen technology spillovers and establish risk isolation mechanisms; medium-efficiency regions should strengthen the construction of collaborative innovation systems and enhance the ability to resist low-efficiency drag; inefficient regions urgently need policy intervention to break the “innovation poverty trap”, improve the mechanism of factor mobility and the early warning system. Third, digital economy breaks the time and space limitations through technologies such as the Internet of Things, forming dual spillover effects within and outside the region, promoting the optimization of resource allocation. It is necessary to optimize the green financial mechanism, environmental regulations have long provided institutional guarantees for green innovation, but they may inhibit innovation vitality in the short term. Technological innovation is the core driving force, and its transmission mechanism still needs to be optimized. The research emphasizes that the lag effect of policy tools should be viewed dialectically. While maintaining the rigidity of innovation management, attention should be paid to cultivating the resilience of regional innovation ecosystems to achieve sustainable efficiency improvement, thereby contributing to the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting high-quality economic development.