情绪类型和知觉负载对注意瞬脱的影响研究
The Impact of Emotional Types and Perceptual Load on Attentional Blink
摘要: 为探讨情绪性注意瞬脱范式下情绪类型和知觉负载对注意瞬脱的影响，研究采用双任务RSVP范式，进行3 (积极、中性、恐惧) × 2 (低负载、高负载) × 3 (lag2、lag4、lag6)的混合实验。其中，T1为操纵个体认知负荷的知觉负载任务，T2为判断中性建筑风景图片旋转方向的任务，情绪性刺激作为分心物出现在T1与T2之间，因变量是对T1和T2识别正确率的探测。结果表明：(1) 相较于低负载，高负载条件下更易产生注意瞬脱；(2) 恐惧情绪下注意瞬脱效应更显著；(3) lag2条件下最易产生注意瞬脱；(4) 情绪类型和知觉负载存在显著的交互作用。恐惧情绪下，高负载比低负载更易出现注意瞬脱。研究支持了注意资源的认知控制取向，没有支持知觉负载理论。
Abstract: In order to explore the effects of emotional type and perceptual load on attentional blink under the emotional attentional blink paradigm, a mixed experiment of 3 (positive, neutral, fear) × 2 (low load, high load) × 3 (lag2, lag4, lag6) was conducted using the dual-task RSVP paradigm. Among them, T1 is a perceptual load task that manipulates individual cognitive load, and T2 is a task that judges the rotation direction of neutral architectural landscape pictures. Emotional stimuli appear as distractors between T1 and T2, and the dependent variable is the detection of T1 and T2 recognition accuracy. The results show that: (1) Compared with low load, attentional blink is more likely to occur under high load conditions; (2) The attentional blink effect is more significant under fear; (3) Attentional blink is most likely to occur under lag2 condition; (4) There is a significant interaction between emotion types and perceptual load. Under fear, high load is more prone to attentional blink than low load. The study supported the cognitive control orientation of attentional resources, but did not support the perceptual load theory.
文章引用：王滢 (2025). 情绪类型和知觉负载对注意瞬脱的影响研究. 心理学进展, 15(5), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.155318

参考文献

[1] 邓晓红, 张德玄, 周晓林(2008). 注意瞬脱的暂时性失控理论. 心理科学, 31(3), 751-753.
[2] 贾磊, 张常洁, 张庆林(2016). 情绪性注意瞬脱的认知机制: 来自行为与ERP的证据. 心理学报, 48(2), 174-184.
[3] 李寿欣, 车晓玮, 李彦佼, 王丽, 陈恺盛(2019). 视觉工作记忆负载类型对注意选择的影响. 心理学报, 51(5), 527-542.
[4] 罗禹, 丰丽红, 任敏, 顾秋瑀, 赵守盈, 张禹(2017). 知觉负载对负性分心面孔的知觉加工和记忆的影响. 心理学报, 49(10), 1256-1266.
[5] 孙猛, 刘泽军, 贾茜, 尚晨阳, 张钦(2024). 情绪T2对抗注意瞬脱: 理解情绪优先加工的窗口. 心理科学进展, 32(1), 58-74.
[6] 吴瑕, 张明(2011). 注意瞬脱中Lag-1节省现象的加工机制. 心理科学进展, 19(11), 1595-1604.
[7] 夏瑞雪, 武文佼, 杨冀东, 马润(2016). 消极情绪刺激和焦虑状态对注意瞬脱的影响. 心理学探新, 36(1), 36-41.
[8] 姚雨佳, 徐舵, 宣雨阳(2022). 消极情绪背景下大学生内隐情绪调节对注意瞬脱的影响. 中国心理卫生杂志, 36(1), 62-67.
[9] 叶榕, 余凤琼, 蒋玉宝, 汪凯(2011). 注意瞬脱范式中的知觉负载对情绪面孔加工的影响. 心理学报, 43(5), 483-493.
[10] 袁佩瑜, 刘宏艳, 王笃明(2023). 情绪信息对不同知觉负载下视觉搜索绩效的影响. 中国临床心理学杂志, 31(3), 513-518.
[11] 赵亚军, 张智君, 刘志方, 刘炜, 严璘璘, 唐溢(2018). 知觉负载对注视知觉适应后效的影响. 心理学报, 50(6), 592-605.
[12] 周敏, 彭文波(2020). 学习困难儿童不同工作记忆负荷下的注意瞬脱. 中国心理卫生杂志, 34(1), 34-38.
[13] Aznar-Casanova, J. A., Gavilán, J. M., Moreno Sánchez, M., & Haro, J. (2020). The Emotional Attentional Blink as a Measure of Patriotism. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 23, e30.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Bach, D. R., Schmidt-Daffy, M., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). Facial Expression Influences Face Identity Recognition during the Attentional Blink. Emotion, 14, 1007-1013.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Di Lollo, V., Kawahara, J., Shahab Ghorashi, S. M., & Enns, J. T. (2005). The Attentional Blink: Resource Depletion or Temporary Loss of Control? Psychological Research, 69, 191-200.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Gil-Gómez de Liaño, B., Stablum, F., & Umiltà, C. (2016). Can Concurrent Memory Load Reduce Distraction? A Replication Study and Beyond. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, e1-e12.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Gupta, R., & Srinivasan, N. (2014). Only Irrelevant Sad but Not Happy Faces Are Inhibited under High Perceptual Load. Cognition and Emotion, 29, 747-754.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Hoffman, J. E., Kim, M., Taylor, M., & Holiday, K. (2020). Emotional Capture during Emotion-Induced Blindness Is Not Automatic. Cortex, 122, 140-158.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Houston, J. R., Pollock, J. W., Lien, M., & Allen, P. A. (2018). Emotional Arousal Deficit or Emotional Regulation Bias? An Electrophysiological Study of Age-Related Differences in Emotion Perception. Experimental Aging Research, 44, 187-205.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Jenkins, R., Lavie, N., & Driver, J. (2005). Recognition Memory for Distractor Faces Depends on Attentional Load at Exposure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 314-320.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Karabay, A., Wilhelm, S. A., de Jong, J., Wang, J., Martens, S., & Akyürek, E. G. (2022). Two Faces of Perceptual Awareness during the Attentional Blink: Gradual and Discrete. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151, 1520-1541.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Keefe, J. M., Sy, J. L., Tong, F., & Zald, D. H. (2019). The Emotional Attentional Blink Is Robust to Divided Attention. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 81, 205-216.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] MacLeod, J., Stewart, B. M., Newman, A. J., & Arnell, K. M. (2017). Do Emotion-Induced Blindness and the Attentional Blink Share Underlying Mechanisms? An Event-Related Potential Study of Emotionally-Arousing Words. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17, 592-611.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Monachesi, B., & Pecchinenda, A. (2022). Weaker Inhibition after Happy Faces: Evidence from an Attentional Blink Task with Emotional and Neutral Faces. Motivation and Emotion, 46, 535-545.[CrossRef] 
[25] Peers, P. V., & Lawrence, A. D. (2009). Attentional Control of Emotional Distraction in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Emotion, 9, 140-145.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Ray, S. B., Mishra, M. V., & Srinivasan, N. (2020). Attentional Blink with Emotional Faces Depends on Emotional Expressions: A Relative Positive Valence Advantage. Cognition and Emotion, 34, 1226-1245.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992). Temporary Suppression of Visual Processing in an RSVP Task: An Attentional Blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 849-860.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Russo, N., Kates, W. R., & Wyble, B. (2017). Developmental Changes in Feature Detection across Time: Evidence from the Attentional Blink. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 164, 32-44.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Santacroce, L. A., & Tamber-Rosenau, B. J. (2024). Crisis-Related Stimuli Do Not Increase the Emotional Attentional Blink in a General University Student Population. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 9, 3-16.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Santacroce, L. A., Carlos, B. J., Petro, N., & Tamber-Rosenau, B. J. (2021). Nontarget Emotional Stimuli Must Be Highly Conspicuous to Modulate the Attentional Blink. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 83, 1971-1991.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Shang, Z., Wang, Y., & Bi, T. (2021). How Does Fearful Emotion Affect Visual Attention? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article ID: 584412.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Singh, D., & Sunny, M. M. (2023). Spatial Distribution of Emotional Attentional Blink under Top-Down Attentional Control. Cognitive Processing, 24, 153-159.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Smith, S. D., & Kornelsen, J. (2021). Functional Connectivity Associated with Individual Differences on the Emotional Attentional Blink Task. Neuroimage: Reports, 1, Article ID: 100065.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Stein, T., Peelen, M. V., Funk, J., & Seidl, K. N. (2010). The Fearful-Face Advantage Is Modulated by Task Demands: Evidence from the Attentional Blink. Emotion, 10, 136-140.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Sun, M., Shang, C., Jia, X., Liu, F., Cui, L., Wei, P. et al. (2022). Expectation Modulates the Preferential Processing of Task-Irrelevant Fear in the Attentional Blink: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 18, 16-28.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Tian, J., Wang, J., Xia, T., Zhao, W., Xu, Q., & He, W. (2018). The Influence of Spatial Frequency Content on Facial Expression Processing: An ERP Study Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Scientific Reports, 8, 2383-2391.[CrossRef] [PubMed]