大数据时代企业数据保护研究

Research on Enterprise Data Protection in the Era of Big Data

摘要: 步入数字经济时代，面对企业数据的新型法益，传统对数据的各种保护模式存在不足之处，不能为企业数据提供充分的保护，现行法律框架下企业数据法益的保护存在空白部分。对此，可以考虑为企业数据赋权，洛克劳动赋权理论和马克思劳动价值理论为企业数据确权提供了学理基础。由于数据产权的客体形态多样，可以将数据细分为原始数据、数据集合以及数据产品，构建差异化配置的数据权利体系。在数据资源阶段，根据数据源发者理论确定数据的权属；在数据集合阶段，企业因投入劳动而享有对数据集合的持有权，但该权利是否具有绝对的排他性还需要结合形成数据的原材料来判断；在数据产品阶段，可以参照加工物产权归属的判断原则，企业因深度加工使得数据的价值大幅增加而取得数据产品的所有权。将数据分为三阶段确权也符合《数据二十条》中提出的为数据进行分类分级确权授权的思路。

Abstract: In the era of digital economy, in the face of the new legal interests of enterprise data, the traditional protection mode of data has shortcomings, which can’t provide sufficient protection for enterprise data. There is a gap in the protection of enterprise data legal interests under the current legal framework. In this regard, it can be considered to empower enterprise data. Rock’s labor empowerment theory and Marx’s labor value theory provide a theoretical basis for the confirmation of enterprise data rights. Due to the diversity of the object forms of data property rights, data can be subdivided into original data, data sets and data products to build a data rights system of differential configuration. In the data resource stage, the ownership of data is determined according to the data source theory; in the stage of data collection, enterprises enjoy the right to hold data sets due to their labor, but whether the right is absolutely exclusive still needs to be judged by combining the raw materials forming the data; in the stage of data products, it can refer to the judgment principle of the ownership of processed property rights. Because of deep processing, the value of data is greatly increased and the ownership of data products is obtained. It is also in line with the idea of classification and classification of data in the “twenty articles of data” that the data is divided into three stages to confirm the right.