平台灵活就业人员单险种工伤保险试点方案研究

Research on Pilot Scheme of Single-Type Work Injury Insurance for Platform-Based Flexible Employment Personnel

摘要: 平台灵活就业作为数字经济催生的新型劳动模式，受限于传统制度与新业态的适配性不足，从业者的基本劳动权益尤其是工伤保障长期处于缺位状态，特别是作为基础性保障的工伤保障制度。尽管《关于维护新就业形态劳动者劳动保障权益的指导意见》等政策已积极呼吁各地寻求解决路径。但目前各地实施的试点方案差异较大，进一步研究和讨论平台灵活就业人员单险种工伤保险机制具有积极的理论和现实意义。论文通过对平台灵活就业人员工伤保护的必要性、单险种工伤保险机制的积极作用等方面的理论分析，并结合试点地区的实践分析，灵活就业人员通过单险种参加工伤保险的方案。本文通过解构单险种工伤保险的试点经验发现，该机制虽能部分扩大覆盖范围，但仍面临与现有《工伤保险条例》和《劳动法》相背离；工伤保险欺诈和合同法律风险；工伤认定标准难操作；覆盖率相对较低等挑战。最后，结合实践提出了建立专门的平台灵活就业人员工伤保险制度、优化工伤认定机制，以及构建平台灵活就业人员职业伤害保障共享信息系统，以此探讨单险种工伤保险新模式的可能。

Abstract: Platform-based flexible employment, as a new labor model spurred by the digital economy, has been constrained by the inadequacy of traditional systems to adapt to new business forms. Consequently, the basic labor rights of practitioners, especially work injury protection, have long been neglected. Although policies such as the “Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Rights and Interests of New Employment Form Workers” have actively called for local solutions, the pilot schemes implemented in various regions differ significantly. Further research and discussion on the single-type work injury insurance mechanism for platform-based flexible employment personnel hold significant theoretical and practical importance. Through theoretical analysis of the necessity of work injury protection and the positive role of single-type work injury insurance, as well as practical analysis from pilot regions, the paper explores the scheme for flexible employment personnel to participate in work injury insurance through a single type. The study finds that while this mechanism partially expands coverage, it still faces challenges such as conflicts with existing “Work Injury Insurance Regulations” and “Labor Law”, work injury insurance fraud and contract legal risks, difficulty in implementing work injury identification standards, and relatively low coverage rates. Finally, the paper proposes establishing a dedicated work injury insurance system for platform-based flexible employment personnel, optimizing work injury identification mechanisms, and building a shared information system for occupational injury protection for platform-based flexible employment personnel to explore new models of single-type work injury insurance.