微波辐射计探空资料对重庆江北机场一次辐射雾天气的应用分析

Application Analysis of Microwave Radiometer Data for a Radiation Fog Event at Chongqing Jiangbei Airport

摘要: 本文基于重庆江北机场历史观测资料对机场近30年(1993~2022年)大雾天气进行统计分析，发现冬季是本场辐射雾的高发季节，而且在实际工作中容易漏报该类天气。因此，本研究将结合微波辐射计探测资料，对2023年12月9日晨间出现的典型大雾个例进行应用分析。结果表明：1) 此次大雾天气发生前，天空放晴早，夜间出现强烈的辐射降温，是一次典型的辐射雾天气过程。2) 微波辐射计的温度、湿度资料较好地反映了此次辐射雾过程的初生、发展和消散情况，为临近预报能提供一定的分析依据。3) 微波辐射计的时间分辨率较高，可有效弥补探空资料时间密度不足的缺点，其液态水路径产品也能辅助判断大雾的性质。

Abstract: Based on historical observational data from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, this study conducts statistical analysis of fog events over the past three decades (1993~2022), revealing that winter constitutes the predominant season for radiation fog occurrence at this location, which is prone to underreporting in operational forecasting. Consequently, this investigation incorporates microwave radiometer measurements to perform an applied analysis of a representative fog event occurring on the morning of December 9, 2023. The findings demonstrate that: 1) Preceding this fog event, early atmospheric clearing and intense radiative cooling during nighttime collectively characterize a typical radiation fog process. 2) The temperature and humidity profiles derived from microwave radiometer effectively capture the complete lifecycle of the radiation fog, encompassing its initiation, development, and dissipation, thereby providing valuable analytical references for nowcasting applications. 3) The microwave radiometer’s superior temporal resolution effectively compensates for the temporal sparsity inherent in radiosonde data, while its liquid water path product offers supplementary diagnostic capabilities for fog classification.