家长焦虑情绪对青少年正畸治疗的影响及干预策略研究综述

A Review of the Influence of Parental Anxiety on Orthodontic Treatment in Adolescents and Intervention Strategies

摘要: 青少年正畸治疗是口腔医学领域中的一项重要干预，旨在通过矫正牙齿和颌骨结构，改善患者的口腔健康和面部外观。随着社会对美观和健康的关注日益增加，越来越多的家庭选择为孩子进行正畸治疗。然而，正畸治疗过程中，家长的焦虑情绪对治疗效果和患者的整体治疗体验具有重要影响。家长焦虑情绪的产生通常源于对治疗效果的不确定性、对子女治疗过程中不适的担忧、经济负担的压力及对社会评价的焦虑。这些焦虑情绪随治疗阶段的不同而波动，进而影响家长的决策行为和子女的治疗依从性。尽管已有研究表明焦虑情绪在治疗过程中的影响，但家长焦虑情绪的来源、变化趋势和干预策略尚未得到充分探讨。本文旨在综述家长焦虑情绪对青少年正畸治疗的影响，分析焦虑的主要来源及其波动特征，探讨目前的干预策略，并提出未来研究的方向。研究发现，医生与家长的有效沟通、心理支持、健康教育及经济援助等多层次干预措施有助于减轻家长的焦虑情绪，从而提高治疗效果和患者的治疗体验。然而，现有研究主要集中在家长焦虑情绪的表现和影响方面，对于干预效果和具体实施策略的实证研究较为匮乏。未来研究应进一步探索家长焦虑情绪与治疗依从性之间的关系，评估不同干预策略的效果，并完善针对家长焦虑情绪的干预模型。

Abstract: Adolescent orthodontic treatment is an important intervention in the field of dentistry that aims to improve the oral health and facial appearance of patients by correcting the structure of teeth and jaws. With the increasing concern for aesthetics and health in society, more and more families are choosing orthodontic treatment for their children. However, during orthodontic treatment, parents’ anxiety has an important impact on the treatment effect and the overall treatment experience of patients. Parents’ anxiety usually stems from the uncertainty of the treatment effect, the worry about the discomfort of the child’s treatment process, the pressure of financial burden, and the anxiety of social evaluation. These anxieties fluctuate with different stages of treatment, which in turn affects parents’ decision-making behavior and children’s treatment compliance. Although studies have shown the impact of anxiety on the treatment process, the sources, trends and intervention strategies of parents’ anxiety have not been fully explored. The purpose of this article is to review the influence of parental anxiety on orthodontic treatment in adolescents, analyze the main sources of anxiety and its fluctuation characteristics, discuss the current intervention strategies, and put forward the direction of future research. The study found that multi-level interventions such as effective communication between doctors and parents, psychological support, health education and financial assistance could help reduce parents’ anxiety, thereby improving the treatment effect and treatment experience of patients. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the manifestations and effects of parents’ anxiety, and there is a lack of empirical research on the effect of intervention and specific implementation strategies. Future research should further explore the relationship between parents’ anxiety and treatment adherence, evaluate the effects of different intervention strategies, and improve the intervention model for parents’ anxiety.