TC4合金在月球水原位提取过程中的反应研究
Reaction Study of TC4 Alloy during In-Situ Extraction of Lunar Water
DOI: 10.12677/app.2025.155057, PDF,   
作者: 刘天培, 李 晖：北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院，北京；李健楠, 张雅楠, 刘子恒, 贺怀宇：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京
关键词: TC4合金；水蒸气；表面氧化；Al2O3；航天材料；TC4 Alloy； Water Vapor； Surface Oxidation； Al2O3； Aerospace Materials
摘要: 月球水原位探测是当今月球探测的热点，各国探测几乎都提出将钻取或表取月壤进行加热的方案来提取其中的水。TC4合金具有良好的材料性能被广泛应用于航天结构材料中，对含水量较低的月壤进行水探测，则要求其取样加热单元材料具有高度的稳定性。本文研究了TC4合金在200℃、400℃低压条件下与微量水蒸气短时间热氧化反应。本研究中发现TC4合金与在此研究实验条件下其氧化产物主要为纳米级的α-Al2O3，且通过后续的实验研究表明TC4合金在200℃低压条件下可用作含水量较低的月壤水探测材料。并且本文通过重复叠加氧化方法探索到TC4合金在400℃低压条件下α-Al2O3的厚度极限值，极大减少与外部含水氛围发生热氧化反应，从而更进一步提高该材料用于探测含水量较低的月壤中水的可行性。
Abstract: Lunar water in-situ detection has emerged as a focal point in contemporary lunar exploration, with most international missions proposing heating strategies (via drilling or surface sampling) to extract water from lunar regolith. TC4 alloy, renowned for its superior material properties, has been extensively utilized in aerospace structural applications. For water detection in low-moisture lunar regolith, the sampling and heating unit materials must exhibit exceptional stability. This study investigates the short-term thermal oxidation reactions between TC4 alloy and trace water vapor under low-pressure conditions at 200˚C and 400˚C. Our findings reveal that the primary oxidation product under these experimental conditions is nano-sized α-Al2O3. Subsequent experimental analyses demonstrate that TC4 alloy exhibits sufficient stability for low-moisture lunar regolith water detection at 200˚C under low-pressure environments. Furthermore, through a repeated superposition oxidation methodology, we have identified the thickness limit of α-Al2O3 formation on TC4 alloy at 400˚C under low-pressure conditions. This critical discovery significantly suppresses further thermal oxidation reactions with external water-bearing environments, thereby substantially enhancing the material’s feasibility for detecting trace water content in lunar regolith.
文章引用：刘天培, 李健楠, 张雅楠, 刘子恒, 贺怀宇, 李晖. TC4合金在月球水原位提取过程中的反应研究[J]. 应用物理, 2025, 15(5): 513-526. https://doi.org/10.12677/app.2025.155057

参考文献

[1] Saal, A.E., Hauri, E.H., Cascio, M.L., Van Orman, J.A., Rutherford, M.C. and Cooper, R.F. (2008) Volatile Content of Lunar Volcanic Glasses and the Presence of Water in the Moon’s Interior. Nature, 454, 192-195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Xu, Y., Tian, H., Zhang, C., Chaussidon, M., Lin, Y., Hao, J., et al. (2022) High Abundance of Solar Wind-Derived Water in Lunar Soils from the Middle Latitude. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119, e2214395119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Pieters, C.M., Goswami, J.N., Clark, R.N., Annadurai, M., Boardman, J., Buratti, B., et al. (2009) Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H2O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M3 on Chandrayaan-1. Science, 326, 568-572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Lin, H., Li, S., Xu, R., Liu, Y., Wu, X., Yang, W., et al. (2022) In Situ Detection of Water on the Moon by the Chang’e-5 Lander. Science Advances, 8, eabl9174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Williams, J.‐., Greenhagen, B.T., Paige, D.A., Schorghofer, N., Sefton‐Nash, E., Hayne, P.O., et al. (2019) Seasonal Polar Temperatures on the Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 124, 2505-2521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Carruba, V. and Coradini, A. (1999) Lunar Cold Traps: Effects of Double Shielding. Icarus, 142, 402-413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] Pollock, T.M. (2016) Alloy Design for Aircraft Engines. Nature Materials, 15, 809-815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Smith, M., Craig, D., Herrmann, N., Mahoney, E., Krezel, J., McIntyre, N., et al. (2020). The Artemis Program: An Overview of Nasa’s Activities to Return Humans to the Moon. 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, 7-14 March 2020, 1-10.[CrossRef] 
[9] 李雄耀, 魏广飞, 曾小家, 等. 极区月壤和水冰形成演化机制及物理特性研究[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文), 2022, 9(2): 123-133.
[10] Vendiola, V., Zacny, K., Morrison, P., Wang, A., Yaggi, B., Hattori, A., et al. (2018). Testing of the Planetary Volatiles Extractor (PVEx). In: 16th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, American Society of Civil Engineers, 467-480.[CrossRef] 
[11] 王超, 张晓静, 姚伟. 月球极区水冰资源原位开发利用研究进展[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文), 2020, 7(3): 241-247.
[12] Lucey, P.G., Petro, N., Hurley, D.M., Farrell, W.M., Prem, P., Costello, E.S., et al. (2022) Volatile Interactions with the Lunar Surface. Geochemistry, 82, Article ID: 125858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Liu, Z., He, H., Li, J., Hao, J., Tang, J., Zhang, Z., et al. (2023) Measurement and Uncertainty Analysis of Lunar Soil Water Content via Heating Flux Method. Aerospace, 10, Article No. 657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Biswas, J., Sheridan, S., Pitcher, C., Richter, L., Reganaz, M., Barber, S.J., et al. (2020) Searching for Potential Ice-Rich Mining Sites on the Moon with the Lunar Volatiles Scout. Planetary and Space Science, 181, Article ID: 104826. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Dyar, M.D., Hibbitts, C.A. and Orlando, T.M. (2010) Mechanisms for Incorporation of Hydrogen in and on Terrestrial Planetary Surfaces. Icarus, 208, 425-437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Hibbitts, C.A., Grieves, G.A., Poston, M.J., Dyar, M.D., Alexandrov, A.B., Johnson, M.A., et al. (2011) Thermal Stability of Water and Hydroxyl on the Surface of the Moon from Temperature-Programmed Desorption Measurements of Lunar Analog Materials. Icarus, 213, 64-72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] 任抒琪, 刘翠秀, 齐悦童, 等. 亚稳β型Ti-Nb-(Zr)合金的力学性能与微观结构研究[J]. 电子显微学报, 2023, 42(3): 291-298.
[18] 王秀群, 韩卫忠, 单智伟. β钛合金表面渗氧强化机理研究[J]. 电子显微学报, 2022, 41(5): 515-519.
[19] Schütze, M. (2016) Single-Crystal Performance Boost. Nature Materials, 15, 823-824. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Liu, S., Ding, H., Zhang, H., Chen, R., Guo, J. and Fu, H. (2018) High-Density Deformation Nanotwin Induced Significant Improvement in the Plasticity of Polycrystalline γ-Tial-Based Intermetallic Alloys. Nanoscale, 10, 11365-11374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Veiga, C., Davim, J.P. and Loureiro, A.J.R. (2012) Properties and Applications of Titanium Alloys: A Brief Review. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 32, 133-148.
[22] 刘世锋, 宋玺, 薛彤, 等. 钛合金及钛基复合材料在航空航天的应用和发展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2020, 40(3): 77-94.
[23] Fergus, J.W. (2002) Review of the Effect of Alloy Composition on the Growth Rates of Scales Formed during Oxidation of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 338, 108-125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Chen, Z., Cai, Z., Jiang, X., Chen, S., Huang, Z. and Sun, H. (2020) Microstructure Evolution of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y Alloy during Long-Term Thermal Exposure. Materials, 13, Article No. 1638. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Cai, Z., Guo, Q., Jiang, M., Jiang, X., Chen, S. and Sun, H. (2021) Influence of Water Vapour on the Oxidation Behaviour of Tial Based Multielement Alloys. Intermetallics, 135, Article ID: 107229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[26] Öztürk, B., Mengis, L., Dickes, D., Glatzel, U. and Galetz, M.C. (2021) Influence of Water Vapor and Temperature on the Oxide Scale Growth and Alpha-Case Formation in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Oxidation of Metals, 97, 241-260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] Taniguchi, S., Hongawara, N. and Shibata, T. (2001) Influence of Water Vapour on the Isothermal Oxidation Behaviour of Tial at High Temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 307, 107-112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Zeller, A., Dettenwanger, F. and Schütze, M. (2002) Influence of Water Vapour on the Oxidation Behaviour of Titanium Aluminides. Intermetallics, 10, 59-72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[29] Wang, S., Liao, Z., Liu, Y. and Liu, W. (2015) Influence of Thermal Oxidation Duration on the Microstructure and Fretting Wear Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 159, 139-151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[30] Wang, S., Liao, Z., Liu, Y. and Liu, W. (2014) Influence of Thermal Oxidation Temperature on the Microstructural and Tribological Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 240, 470-477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[31] Sun, Z., He, G., Meng, Q., Li, Y. and Tian, X. (2020) Corrosion Mechanism Investigation of TiN/Ti Coating and TC4 Alloy for Aircraft Compressor Application. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 33, 1824-1835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[32] Ask, M., Lausmaa, J. and Kasemo, B. (1989) Preparation and Surface Spectroscopic Characterization of Oxide Films on Ti6Al4V. Applied Surface Science, 35, 283-301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[33] Pham, M.T., Zyganow, I., Matz, W., Reuther, H., Oswald, S., Richter, E., et al. (1997) Corrosion Behavior and Microstructure of Titanium Implanted with α and β Stabilizing Elements. Thin Solid Films, 310, 251-259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[34] Ashrafizadeh, A. and Ashrafizadeh, F. (2009) Structural Features and Corrosion Analysis of Thermally Oxidized Titanium. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 480, 849-852. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[35] Xu, W., Lui, E.W., Pateras, A., Qian, M. and Brandt, M. (2017) In Situ Tailoring Microstructure in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V for Superior Mechanical Performance. Acta Materialia, 125, 390-400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[36] Matsumoto, H., Yoneda, H., Sato, K., Kurosu, S., Maire, E., Fabregue, D., et al. (2011) Room-Temperature Ductility of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with α’ Martensite Microstructure. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528, 1512-1520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[37] Cui, K., Xu, F., Tian, B., Liu, M., Yao, Y., Li, H., et al. (2024) Optimal Lubricating Protection and Interfacial Behavior for Titanium Alloy Surface from Phosphorus-Based Ionic Liquids. Tribology International, 199, Article ID: 109933. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[38] Xu, Y., Zhu, C., Fu, K., Liu, K., Sun, K. and Yao, L. (2024) Controllable Tribological Behavior of PNIPAM-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites at Titanium Alloy Interface. Wear, 556, Article ID: 205521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[39] Kovács, K., Perczel, I.V., Josepovits, V.K., Kiss, G., Réti, F. and Deák, P. (2002) In Situ Surface Analytical Investigation of the Thermal Oxidation of Ti-Al Intermetallics up to 1000 ˚C. Applied Surface Science, 200, 185-195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[40] Mousavi, S.J., Hosseini, S.M., Abolhassani, M.R., et al. (2008) Calculation of the Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of κ-Al2O3 by Density Functional Theory. Chinese Journal of Physics, 46, 170-180.
[41] Wu, G.D., Cui, G.R., Qu, S.J., Feng, A.H., Cao, G.J., Ge, B.H., et al. (2019) High-Temperature Oxidation Mechanisms of Nano-/Submicro-Scale Lamellar Structures in an Intermetallic Alloy. Scripta Materialia, 171, 102-107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[42] Greczynski, G. and Hultman, L. (2020) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Towards Reliable Binding Energy Referencing. Progress in Materials Science, 107, Article ID: 100591. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[43] Xiao, G., Zhang, Y., Zhu, B., Gao, H., Huang, Y. and Zhou, K. (2023) Wear Behavior of Alumina Abrasive Belt and Its Effect on Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy during Conventional and Creep-Feed Grinding. Wear, 514, Article ID: 204581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[44] Güzelçimen, F., Tanören, B., Çetinkaya, Ç., Kaya, M.D., Efkere, H.İ., Özen, Y., et al. (2020) The Effect of Thickness on Surface Structure of Rf Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films by XPS, SEM/EDS, AFM and Sam. Vacuum, 182, Article ID: 109766. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[45] Biesinger, M.C., Payne, B.P., Grosvenor, A.P., Lau, L.W.M., Gerson, A.R. and Smart, R.S.C. (2011) Resolving Surface Chemical States in XPS Analysis of First Row Transition Metals, Oxides and Hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. Applied Surface Science, 257, 2717-2730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[46] Braic, M., Balaceanu, M., Vladescu, A., Kiss, A., Braic, V., Epurescu, G., et al. (2007) Preparation and Characterization of Titanium Oxy-Nitride Thin Films. Applied Surface Science, 253, 8210-8214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[47] Huerta-Murillo, D., García-Girón, A., Romano, J.M., Cardoso, J.T., Cordovilla, F., Walker, M., et al. (2019) Wettability Modification of Laser-Fabricated Hierarchical Surface Structures in Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy. Applied Surface Science, 463, 838-846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[48] Bertóti, I., Mohai, M., Sullivan, J.L. and Saied, S.O. (1995) Surface Characterisation of Plasma-Nitrided Titanium: An XPS Study. Applied Surface Science, 84, 357-371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[49] Vasylyev, M.A., Chenakin, S.P. and Yatsenko, L.F. (2016) Ultrasonic Impact Treatment Induced Oxidation of Ti6Al4V Alloy. Acta Materialia, 103, 761-774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[50] Guillot, J., Jouaiti, A., Imhoff, L., Domenichini, B., Heintz, O., Zerkout, S., et al. (2002) Nitrogen Plasma Pressure Influence on the Composition of TiNxOy Sputtered Films. Surface and Interface Analysis, 33, 577-582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[51] Mehrer, H. (2007) Diffusion in Solids: Fundamentals, Methods, Materials, Diffusion-Controlled Processes. Springer Science & Business Media.
[52] Shaaban, A., Hayashi, S. and Takeyama, M. (2019) Effects of Water Vapor and Nitrogen on Oxidation of TNM Alloy at 650 ˚C. Corrosion Science, 158, Article ID: 108080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[53] Zhou, C., Tang, H., Li, X., Zeng, X., Mo, B., Yu, W., et al. (2022) Chang’e-5 Samples Reveal High Water Content in Lunar Minerals. Nature Communications, 13, Article No. 5336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[54] Wilk, K.A., Mustard, J.F., Milliken, R.E. and Pieters, C.M. (2024) Variations in Surface Adsorbed H2O on Lunar Soils and Relevant Minerals. Icarus, 411, Article ID: 115945. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[55] Lu, G., Bernasek, S.L. and Schwartz, J. (2000) Oxidation of a Polycrystalline Titanium Surface by Oxygen and Water. Surface Science, 458, 80-90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 

为你推荐