压力性损伤手术治疗方法的研究进展

Research Advances in Surgical Treatment of Pressure Injuries

摘要: 压力性损伤是皮肤及皮下软组织因持续外力作用引发的组织损害，常见于骨性突起或与医疗装置接触部位，这类损伤多发于因慢性疾病、术后康复或神经功能缺损导致体位受限的群体，包括脊髓损伤患者、重症监护室长期卧床者以及失能老年人。如何有效修复压力性损伤创面，一直是临床医务工作者面临的难题。近年来，各种治疗术式被开发应用，压力性损伤创面的治疗取得了很大进展。本文综述了压力性损伤手术治疗的最新研究进展，包括各种皮瓣和肌瓣技术的应用、负压封闭引流的临床效果、多学科综合治疗模式的优势，以及新技术、新材料的探索。旨在为临床治疗压力性损伤提供参考，提升压力性损伤创面修复的成功率，改善患者生活质量。

Abstract: Pressure injuries, defined as tissue damage caused by sustained mechanical forces to the skin and underlying soft tissues, frequently occur at bony prominences or medical device contact sites. These injuries predominantly affect populations with restricted mobility due to chronic diseases, postoperative recovery, or neurological impairments, including spinal cord injury patients, long-term bedridden individuals in intensive care units, and functionally dependent elderly. Effectively repairing pressure injury wounds has always been a challenge for clinical medical workers. In recent years, various therapeutic techniques have been developed and applied, and significant progress has been made in the treatment of pressure injury wounds. This review summarizes the latest progress in surgical treatments for pressure injuries, encompassing the application of various skin flap and muscle flap techniques, clinical outcomes of negative pressure wound therapy, advantages of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment models, as well as emerging technologies and novel biomaterials. The objective is to provide evidence-based references for clinical practice, enhance the success rate of pressure injury wound repair, and ultimately improve patients’ quality of life.