基于硅基APD的多通道探测器研究与设计

Research and Design of Multi-Channel Detector Based on Silicon APD

摘要: 为了满足无人机群、光计算、激光成像等领域的灵敏探测需求，我们提出并设计了一种高增益低噪声的多通道雪崩光电二极管(Avalanche photodiode, APD)探测器。研究采用了多通道并行设计，每个通道独立工作以降低串扰研究，并集成了跨阻放大、高压偏置和噪声滤波等模块，实现了对微弱光信号的高灵敏度同时捕获。我们通过分析APD电流与倍增因子的变化，探究其最佳工作电压范围，最终获得了九通道APD探测器的最大响应度为1.3 × 10⁷ V/W，最小可探测光功率低至5 nW。每路探测器的响应度一致性较高，单路探测在5~50 nW范围内线性相关系数为0.997，可满足高性能光学伊辛机等应用的需求。

Abstract: In order to meet the sensitive detection requirements in the fields of UAV swarm, optical computing, and laser imaging, we propose and design a high-gain and low-noise multi-channel avalanche photodiode (APD) detector. The study employs a multichannel parallel design, where each channel operates independently to reduce crosstalk studies, and integrates modules such as transimpedance amplification, high-voltage biasing, and noise filtering to achieve highly sensitive simultaneous capture of weak optical signals. We analyzed the variation of APD current and multiplication factor to explore its optimal operating voltage range, and finally obtained the average responsivity of the nine-channel APD detector to be 1.3 × 10⁷ V/W, with the minimum detectable optical power as low as 5 nW. The responsivity consistency of each detector is high, and the linear correlation coefficient of the single-channel detection in the range of 5~50 nW is 0.997, which can meet the requirements of high-performance optical applications such as Ising machines.